ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions Perioperative Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
An asthma nurse educator is working with a group of adolescent asthma patients. What intervention is most likely to prevent asthma exacerbations among these patients?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preventing asthma exacerbations in adolescents hinges on educating them to recognize and avoid triggers e.g., allergens (pollen, pets), irritants (smoke), or exercise reducing inflammation and bronchospasm risk. This proactive strategy, central to asthma action plans (e.g., GINA), empowers teens to modify environments (e.g., using air filters) and preempt attacks, cutting hospital visits by up to 50%. Corticosteroids aren't rescue drugs albuterol is; inhaled steroids are maintenance, not acute. Alternative therapies (e.g., acupuncture) lack robust evidence for asthma control, secondary to standard care. Immunizations prevent infections like flu, which may trigger asthma, but aren't the primary prevention tool. The educator's focus on trigger education interactive, teen-friendly builds self-management skills, key for this age group's independence and long-term asthma control.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the surgical consent with the patient during preoperative education. The patient indicates that he does not understand what procedure will be completed. What is the nurse's best next step?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Notifying the physician about the patient's lack of understanding is the best step, as informed consent explaining procedure, risks, and alternatives is the surgeon's legal and ethical duty. Without comprehension, surgery can't proceed validly. The nurse can reinforce but not initially explain the procedure, which exceeds their scope here. Asking the patient to sign without understanding violates consent principles. Continuing education delays resolution. This action ensures the physician clarifies, securing true consent and protecting patient autonomy, per surgical ethics and safety standards.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is monitoring a patient in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for postoperative fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Measuring and recording all intake and output best monitors fluid/electrolyte balance in the PACU, assessing renal and circulatory function post-anesthesia. Precise data (e.g., IV fluids, urine output) detect imbalances like hypovolemia or overload, guiding therapy. Copious water risks nausea in early recovery. Weighing is impractical in PACU done later. An extra IV isn't routine without imbalance evidence. This action ensures timely correction, aligning with postoperative care to maintain stability.
Question 4 of 5
Norms, values and behavioural attitudes peculiar to a particular society is referred to as
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Culture is the term for the unique norms, values, and behavioral attitudes that characterize a specific society, distinguishing it from others. 'Culture,' is correct because it encompasses these shared elements, as defined by anthropologists like Clifford Geertz, who view culture as a system of inherited conceptions expressed through behavior. 'Heredity,' refers to genetic inheritance, not societal traits. 'Generation,' denotes a cohort within a society, not its defining characteristics. 'Environment,' includes physical and social surroundings but lacks the specificity of norms and values tied to culture. Culture's role as the collective identity of a society, shaping how its members think and act, makes D the precise answer, supported by its prominence in sociological studies as the lens through which societal peculiarities are understood and transmitted across time.
Question 5 of 5
The following factors are to be considered in the use of chemical agent EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When selecting a chemical agent (e.g., disinfectant), practical efficacy and safety are paramount. 'The colour of the chemical agent,' is correct as the exception because it does not impact the agent's ability to kill pathogens, unlike the other factors. 'Stability during storage,' is critical, as an unstable agent (e.g., bleach losing potency) becomes ineffective. 'Efficiency of the chemical agent,' is essential, determining its pathogen-killing power (e.g., contact time studies in microbiology). 'Time taken to act,' affects usability, as faster agents are preferred in urgent settings. Colour, however, is cosmetic, not functional; guidelines like those from the EPA focus on performance metrics, not appearance. While colour might indicate concentration in rare cases, it's not a standard consideration in efficacy, making D the irrelevant factor among these practical criteria.