An asthma educator is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with asthma and her family about the use of a peak flow meter. The educator should teach the patient that a peak flow meter measures what value?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A peak flow meter measures the highest airflow during a forced expiration, known as peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), in liters per minute. This handheld device assesses airway obstruction in asthma patients exhale maximally after a deep breath, gauging how fast air exits narrowed passages. Lower readings signal worsening bronchospasm or inflammation, guiding therapy (e.g., rescue inhaler use) via personal best zones (green, yellow, red). Forced inspiration isn't measured inhalation isn't limited in asthma. Normal inspiration or expiration reflects tidal breathing, not obstruction severity. The educator's teaching demonstrating technique (e.g., standing, full effort) ensures the patient tracks lung function daily, aligning with asthma self-monitoring to prevent exacerbations effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A cup of coffee before a 7:30 surgery, breaching fasting guidelines (clear liquids 2-3 hours, solids 6-8 hours pre-anesthesia), risks aspiration, so the nurse anticipates a delay or cancellation. This protects airway safety during general or regional anesthesia. Coffee components (e.g., milk) might adjust delay length, but the breach itself triggers action. Asking 'why' or reviewing education, while useful later, isn't immediate. The nurse's report ensures the anesthesia provider adjusts timing e.g., delaying hours if milk was added prioritizing patient safety over proceeding, per fasting protocols.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Assessing intake and bladder distention is most appropriate, as anesthesia can delay urinary control 6-8 hours. Palpating for a full bladder and reviewing fluids (e.g., IVs) determines if retention exists, needing intervention like catheterization if distended. Waiting may work if non-distended, but assessment precedes. Immediate catheterization requires physician order post-assessment. Dismissing the feeling as universal ignores individual variation. This step ensures tailored care, preventing retention complications, per postoperative standards.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies the mind uses to cope with anxiety or stress, protecting the ego from perceived threats. 'Defense mechanism,' is correct because avoidance (evading stress), displacement (redirecting emotions), fantasy (escaping into imagination), and projection (attributing feelings to others) are all classic examples identified by Sigmund Freud and Anna Freud in psychoanalytic theory. 'Ego,' is the part of the psyche that employs these mechanisms, not the mechanisms themselves. 'Super Ego,' is the moral conscience, not a set of coping strategies. 'Personality,' refers to broader behavioral patterns, not specific defense tactics. These mechanisms serve to manage internal conflicts, such as between the id's impulses and the super ego's standards, making D the accurate answer, rooted in Freudian psychology's explanation of how individuals unconsciously shield themselves from psychological distress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The commonest computer operating system is determined by widespread use across personal computers globally. 'Windows,' is correct because it dominates the desktop and laptop market, with over 70% share as of 2025 (per StatCounter data), due to its user-friendly interface and compatibility with most software. 'Linux,' is popular among developers and servers but has a niche desktop audience (under 5%). 'Android,' leads in mobile devices, not traditional computers, despite its Linux base. 'MS-DOS,' is outdated, used in the 1980s-90s, not today. Windows' prevalence in homes, offices, and education, driven by Microsoft's marketing and legacy, outstrips competitors in general computer use (excluding mobile-specific OS), making C the clear answer, supported by current industry statistics.