ATI LPN
Hematologic System Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
An antigen is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer D is correct: 1. An antigen is a substance that stimulates the production of antibodies. 2. Antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, or other molecules that the immune system recognizes as foreign. 3. Antigens trigger the immune system to produce antibodies to neutralize or eliminate the foreign substance. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately describes the role of antigens in stimulating antibody production. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because: A: Antigens are not proteins themselves but can be recognized by antibodies. B: Antigens do not inhibit microorganism growth; they stimulate immune responses. C: Antigens do not directly stimulate antibody production; they trigger the immune system to produce antibodies in response to foreign substances.
Question 2 of 5
Age-related changes altering assessment techniques include all the following except?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because changes in dentition with cavities are not directly related to aging; they can occur at any age due to poor oral hygiene. Progressive hair loss, thickened/discolored nail beds, and dry skin are common age-related changes. Hair loss is linked to hormonal changes, nail bed changes may indicate poor circulation, and dry skin is a result of decreased oil production. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it does not specifically relate to age-related changes.
Question 3 of 5
A client has come into the free clinic asking to be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection. The client asks the nurse how the test works. The nurse responds that if the testing shows that antibodies to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus are present in the blood, this indicates that the client has which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: An HIV infection. The presence of antibodies to the AIDS virus in the blood indicates that the client has been exposed to HIV and their immune system has produced antibodies against it. This does not mean the client is immune to HIV (choice A) as HIV infection can still occur. It also does not necessarily mean the immune system is intact (choice B) as the presence of antibodies can indicate exposure to the virus. Additionally, the presence of antibodies does not indicate the client has an AIDS-related complication (choice C) as AIDS is a later stage of HIV infection.
Question 4 of 5
A client is in the primary infection stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which statement regarding this client's current health status is most accurate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because during the primary infection stage of HIV, the virus replicates rapidly without significant antibody production. This results in a high viral load but a lack of detectable HIV-specific antibodies. This stage is also known as the window period. Choice A is incorrect because the client's antibodies are not yet successful in killing the virus during the primary infection stage. Choice C is incorrect because the risk for opportunistic infections typically increases during the later stages of HIV when the immune system is severely compromised, not during the primary infection stage. Choice D is incorrect because once a person is infected with HIV, they will always have the virus, it does not spontaneously clear on its own.
Question 5 of 5
The mother asks the nurse if her child's iron deficiency anemia is related to the child's frequent infections. The nurse responds based on the understanding of which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Children with iron deficiency anemia are more susceptible to infection than are other children. Iron is crucial for the immune system to function optimally. In iron deficiency anemia, the body lacks enough iron to produce hemoglobin, which can impair the immune response, making individuals more prone to infections. Therefore, children with iron deficiency anemia are indeed more susceptible to infections. Explanation of other choices: A: Little is known about iron-deficiency anemia and its relationship to infection in children - This is incorrect as there is a clear understanding of the link between iron deficiency anemia and susceptibility to infections. C: Children with iron-deficiency anemia are less susceptible to infection than are other children - This is incorrect as iron deficiency impairs the immune response, making individuals more susceptible to infections. D: Children with iron-deficient anemia are equally as susceptible to infection as are other children - This is incorrect as iron deficiency compromises the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to