An alert, oriented, and competent frail older adult man has been told that he is dying and has asked to have a DNAR order put on his chart. The patient's family does not agree with his decision and asks the healthcare team to ignore the request. After a great deal of discussion among the physician, nurse, and family, they are no closer to resolution of the conflict. The nurse asks the hospital chaplain to come and help the family and the team understand each other's opposing views. Which step of the MORAL model does this illustrate?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: This illustrates the Outlining-options step. In Massaging the dilemma, the team would already have identified and defined the issues in the dilemma, and considered the values and options of all the major players. At the Outlining the options step, someone should delineate all of the options to all parties, including those that are less realistic and conflicting. In that step, someone often asks a member of the ethics committee or the hospital chaplain to help the parties understand the opposing viewpoints.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Good Samaritan laws protect nurses providing emergency care outside their workplace, like in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In nursing ethics, respecting a patient's autonomy and honoring their right to make decisions about their own healthcare is crucial.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Identifying the individuals involved and their rights and responsibilities is the first step in the ethical decision-making process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reporting the incident ensures that the issue is addressed at an organizational level and that appropriate measures are taken.