ATI LPN
Perioperative Care Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
An adult patient has tested positive for tuberculosis (TB). While providing patient teaching, what information should the nurse prioritize?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tuberculosis treatment hinges on strict adherence to a multidrug regimen (e.g., isoniazid, rifampin) for 6-12 months to eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis and prevent resistance, making this the nurse's top teaching priority. Noncompliance risks relapse, spread, and multidrug-resistant TB, a public health threat. TB is not a lifelong condition if treated correctly; it's curable, countering the idea of chronic ADL impairment. It's not self-limiting untreated, it progresses, often fatally, not resolving spontaneously in years. Occupational or physical therapy isn't typically required unless complications like joint damage occur, which isn't standard. Emphasizing medication adherence ensures the patient understands the regimen's duration, side effects (e.g., hepatotoxicity), and follow-up (e.g., sputum tests), empowering them to complete treatment and achieve cure, aligning with global TB control strategies.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is creating a health promotion intervention focused on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What should the nurse identify as a complication of COPD?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Respiratory failure is a major complication of COPD, arising when chronic airway obstruction and alveolar damage impair gas exchange, leading to hypoxemia or hypercapnia. In advanced COPD, reduced FEV1 and hyperinflation (e.g., from emphysema) diminish ventilatory capacity, risking acute-on-chronic failure, often triggered by infection or exacerbation. Lung cancer, while a smoking-related risk, isn't a direct COPD complication, though shared etiology increases incidence. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder, not a COPD outcome, affecting mucus clearance differently. Hemothorax, blood in the pleural space, relates to trauma or malignancy, not COPD's pathophysiology. The nurse's identification of respiratory failure as a complication informs health promotion e.g., vaccination, smoking cessation to prevent exacerbations, aligning with COPD management goals to sustain oxygenation and quality of life.
Question 3 of 5
A nursing is planning the care of a patient with emphysema who will soon be discharged. What teaching should the nurse prioritize in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For an emphysema patient nearing discharge, setting realistic short-term and long-range goals is the priority teaching, fostering adaptation to this incurable, progressive disease. Goals like pacing activities to manage dyspnea or mastering pursed-lip breathing align with emphysema's chronic hyperinflation and airflow limitation, enhancing quality of life despite irreversible alveolar damage. Prophylactic antibiotics aren't standard; they treat infections, not preventing emphysema progression. Adherence to treatment (e.g., bronchodilators) manages symptoms but doesn't cure emphasizing cure misleads the patient. Avoiding crowded places reduces infection risk but isn't universally required unless immunocompromised. The nurse's focus on goal-setting specific, achievable targets builds self-efficacy, preparing the patient for home management and realistic expectations, per COPD care standards.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a patient with COPD. What should the nurse include as the most important area of teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most important teaching area for a COPD patient is setting and accepting realistic short- and long-range goals, addressing the disease's progressive, incurable nature. Short-term goals (e.g., walking 10 minutes daily) and long-range goals (e.g., maintaining independence) adapt to declining lung function (e.g., low FEV1), reducing frustration and enhancing self-efficacy. Avoiding temperature extremes helps comfort but doesn't alter disease course. Moderate activity is beneficial but secondary overexertion risks dyspnea without goal-setting's framework. Avoiding stress aids coping but isn't the core focus; emotional triggers don't drive COPD pathology. The nurse's emphasis on realistic goals specific, measurable guides patients to pace activities and accept limitations, aligning with chronic disease management principles for sustained quality of life.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient in preadmission testing. The patient has been assigned a physical status classification by the American Society of Anesthesiologists of P3. Which of the following assessments would support this classification?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A P3 classification indicates severe systemic disease per the American Society of Anesthesiologists, supported by a history of hypertension, significant obesity (80 pounds overweight), and asthma. These conditions impair multiple systems cardiovascular strain from hypertension, respiratory compromise from asthma, and obesity-related surgical risks fitting P3's criteria of severe but not immediately life-threatening disease. Denial of major illnesses or a normal, healthy status aligns with P1, a healthy patient. Mild systemic disease, like controlled hypertension alone, fits P2. A myocardial infarction limiting activity, a constant threat to life, denotes P4. The nurse's assessment confirms P3 by identifying these chronic, severe conditions, ensuring anesthesia and surgical plans account for heightened risks like respiratory distress or poor wound healing.