ATI LPN
Immune System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
An adolescent is receiving methotrexate chemotherapy after undergoing limb-salvage surgery for osteogenic sarcoma. Which statement by the adolescent indicates understanding of the purpose of leucovorin therapy after the methotrexate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because leucovorin is used to reduce the toxic effects of methotrexate by "rescuing" normal cells. Methotrexate inhibits folic acid synthesis, affecting rapidly dividing cells. Leucovorin helps replenish folic acid levels in normal cells, reducing toxicity. Taking leucovorin every 6 hours for about the next 3 days after methotrexate administration ensures continuous protection. Statements A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not demonstrate an understanding of the timing and frequency required for leucovorin therapy to counteract the effects of methotrexate.
Question 2 of 5
A child with nephrotic syndrome has been placed on prednisone for several weeks. An important point of teaching with the parents should include:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Never stop the medication suddenly. This is important because stopping prednisone suddenly can lead to adrenal insufficiency due to the suppression of the adrenal glands. The other choices are incorrect because B is inaccurate as prednisone is usually taken daily, not just once a week. C is incorrect as there is no specific time of day that prednisone must be taken. D is also incorrect as prednisone is typically taken with food to reduce stomach irritation.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to admit a child with possible hydronephrosis. What labs should the nurse expect to draw on this child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer B: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are essential labs to draw for a child with possible hydronephrosis. Elevated levels indicate impaired kidney function. This helps in diagnosing and monitoring the condition. Platelet count (A) is not typically related to hydronephrosis. PTT (C) assesses blood clotting function, not kidney function. Blood culture (D) is used to identify bacterial infections, not specific to hydronephrosis.
Question 4 of 5
A child with inflammatory bowel disease is prescribed prednisone daily. At which time is it most appropriate for the family to administer the prednisone?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: With meals. Prednisone can cause stomach irritation, so taking it with food helps reduce this risk. Administering with meals also helps minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as taking prednisone between meals or at bedtime can increase the likelihood of stomach upset and reduce its effectiveness due to varying absorption rates. Administering prednisone one hour before meals may not provide enough protection against stomach irritation.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is instructing a parent of a newborn on the foods that are to be started based on age. The nurse instructs the parent that the first food given to a newborn is rice cereal. What statement by the parent suggests appropriate understanding of the next food that can be introduced?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fruits should be given next. This is because after introducing rice cereal, the next recommended food for infants is usually fruits. Fruits are easily digestible and provide essential nutrients. Chicken and eggs are common allergenic foods and are usually introduced later. Whole milk is not recommended until after the first year of life due to its high protein and mineral content, which can strain the infant's kidneys. Thus, choosing fruits as the next food to introduce shows an appropriate understanding of the recommended feeding progression for infants.