ATI LPN
Pediatric Cardiac Nclex Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
An adolescent is brought to the emergency department after an automobile accident. When the nurse approaches the adolescent, he becomes combative. The nurse notes his speech is slurred and his gait is ataxic. The nurse suspects the adolescent has used
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alcohol (A) causes slurred speech, ataxia, and combativeness. Cocaine (B) and amphetamines (C) increase alertness, PCP (D) causes hallucinations. Document: 'Behavioral signs of alcohol ingestion include slurred speech… combativeness.'
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child who has been admitted with a possible diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Which is the laboratory/diagnostic tool that would likely be used to help determine the diagnosis of this child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sweat chloride test (B) diagnoses cystic fibrosis by detecting high sodium/chloride levels. Blood culture (A), EEG (C), and ECG (D) are unrelated. Document: 'The analysis of sweat is a major aid in diagnosis.'
Question 3 of 5
Which renal condition is most commonly associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is strongly associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) (Choice A), a ciliopathy causing renal cysts and hepatic fibrosis, often presenting together in childhood. Horseshoe kidney (Choice B) is a fusion anomaly unrelated to CHF. Multicystic dysplastic kidney (Choice C) is a unilateral developmental disorder, not linked to hepatic fibrosis. Nephronophthisis (Choice D) causes renal failure but lacks a consistent CHF association. ARPKD’s genetic and clinical overlap with CHF makes it the most common association.
Question 4 of 5
Which histological feature found on biopsy during colonoscopy would favour a diagnosis of Crohn disease over ulcerative colitis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases. Granulomata (Choice B) are non-caseating granulomas, specific to Crohn’s, reflecting transmural inflammation, unlike ulcerative colitis’s mucosal involvement. Crypt abscesses (Choice A) occur in both, less specific. Lymphocytic infiltrate (Choice C) is nonspecific. Paneth cells (Choice D) are normal or metaplastic, not diagnostic. Granulomata distinguish Crohn’s.
Question 5 of 5
The first sign noted in patients with abetalipoproteinemia is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Abetalipoproteinemia, a rare lipid disorder, first presents with loss of deep tendon reflexes due to vitamin E deficiency affecting nerves (NORD). Vision loss follows later, and C-E are not early signs.