An adolescent is at the pediatrician's office because he has been experiencing intense itching, particularly in the axilla and between the fingers. The itching is worse during the night and he has not been sleeping well. This symptom is associated with:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Scabies (B) causes intense nocturnal itching in interdigital and axillary areas due to mite burrows. Eczema (A) is chronic, lice (C) affect the scalp, and tinea (D) is fungal. Document: 'Intense itching, especially at night, is characteristic of scabies.'

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant medication for ADHD. Suicidal ideation (Choice D) is a critical side effect, with a black box warning from the FDA due to increased risk in children and adolescents, necessitating parental awareness. Cardiac toxicity (Choice A) is rare and less emphasized compared to stimulants. Depression (Choice B) can occur but isn’t the primary concern. Potential for abuse (Choice C) is negligible as atomoxetine lacks stimulant properties. Suicidal ideation’s severity and regulatory emphasis make it the most important warning.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) overdose requires enhanced excretion. Urinary alkalinisation (Choice D) with bicarbonate increases urine pH, ionizing salicylate (weak acid), trapping it in urine for excretion, and is the standard approach. Allopurinol (Choice A) treats gout, not relevant. Forced diuresis with furosemide (Choice B) increases volume but not pH. Hyperhydration (Choice C) dilutes but doesn’t optimize excretion. Alkalinisation is most effective.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: HDR syndrome (hypoparathyroidism, deafness, renal anomalies) is autosomal dominant , linked to GATA3 mutations on chromosome 10 (NIH). Other inheritance patterns (A, C, D, E) do not apply.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aortic ultrasonography directly visualizes umbilical arterial thrombus in preterms, being non-invasive and specific (AAP). Other options (A-C, E) are less diagnostic.