An adolescent client with several flu symptoms calls the advice nurse to ask about using cough suppressants. What suggestion from the nurse would promote better airway clearance?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cough suppressants are medications that reduce the cough reflex, which can be helpful for sleep but may hinder airway clearance during the day when the body needs to expel mucus. For an adolescent with flu symptoms, promoting airway clearance is critical to prevent mucus buildup, which could lead to complications like pneumonia. Using cough suppressants at night allows the client to rest while still enabling productive coughing during the day to clear the airways. Morning, evening, or afternoon use could suppress coughing when it's most needed to expel mucus, especially since flu often involves increased respiratory secretions. The nurse's focus is on balancing symptom relief with the body's natural defense mechanisms, and nighttime use aligns with this goal by prioritizing rest without fully inhibiting airway clearance throughout the day. This approach supports recovery by ensuring mucus is cleared effectively while minimizing discomfort during sleep.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A runny nose during flu stems from cells lining the respiratory passages dying due to viral attack, releasing fluid and sparking inflammation that boosts mucus production. This immune response traps and expels the virus, a concept fifth graders can grasp as the body's defense, making tissues essential for hygiene. Drinking water hydrates but doesn't cause runny noses excess fluid isn't secreted nasally. Lack of coughing or sneezing might worsen congestion but isn't the trigger mucus forms from infection, not clearance failure. Viruses don't ‘melt' into fluid; they're already microscopic, and fever aids immunity, not liquefaction. The nurse uses this cellular explanation to connect symptoms to infection, encouraging tissue use to manage mucus and curb germ spread, tailoring the lesson to young learners' understanding of flu's effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse teaches that a sore muscle at the injection site is a common flu vaccine reaction, caused by needle trauma and local immune response, typically mild and short-lived (1–2 days). This prepares the client for a normal effect, per CDC data, reducing worry. Rhinorrhea and low-grade fever tie more to the live nasal spray, not the inactivated shot most receive. Hives and numbness signal rare allergic reactions, not routine teaching points. Malaise and myalgia occur occasionally but aren't as universal as site soreness. Highlighting this expected outcome ensures the client distinguishes it from serious issues, fostering vaccine trust and adherence by setting realistic post-shot expectations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) has no known etiology (B), with radiological and clinical parallels to ARDS'. Choice A is false; mean age is 50, not 30. Choice C is incorrect; it affects men and women equally. Choice D is wrong; it follows a short respiratory illness (<3 weeks), not urinary infections. Choice E (50% mortality) is true but not listed. Page 716 describes AIP as idiopathic, rapidly progressive, with 50% mortality, distinguishing B as the correct feature its unknown cause aligns with ARDS-like diffuse alveolar damage, unlike A's age error or D's unrelated trigger.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased submucosal gland size (D) is not a hallmark of asthma; it's seen in chronic bronchitis. Choice A (Curschmann spirals mucus plugs with epithelium) is true. Choice B (Charcot-Leyden crystals eosinophil protein) is correct. Choice C (thickened basement membrane with inflammation) is typical. Choice E (eosinophils/mast cells) is asthma-specific. Page 726 lists asthma's features bronchial inflammation, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and mucus plugs but submucosal glands hypertrophy in bronchitis, not asthma, making D the exception.