An 8-year-old child is hit by a motor vehicle in the school parking lot. The school nurse notes that the child is responding to verbal stimulation but is not moving his extremities when requested. What is the first action the nurse should take?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Have someone notify the emergency medical services (EMS) system. This is the most appropriate action because the child's lack of movement in response to requests indicates a potential serious injury that requires immediate medical attention. Calling EMS ensures that the child receives prompt and appropriate care from trained medical professionals. Choice A (Wait for the child’s parents to arrive) is incorrect because in an emergency situation like this, time is crucial, and waiting for parents may delay necessary medical intervention. Choice B (Move the child out of the parking lot) is incorrect because moving the child without proper assessment and stabilization could worsen any potential spinal cord or other injuries. Choice D (Help the child stand to return to play) is incorrect as it ignores the seriousness of the situation and risks further harm to the child. In summary, notifying EMS is the best course of action to ensure the child's safety and well-being in this emergency scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: New influenza variants able to escape prior immunity regularly. This is because influenza viruses have high mutation rates, leading to the emergence of new strains that can evade previously acquired immunity. This phenomenon is known as antigenic drift, making it challenging for the immune system to recognize and respond effectively to the constantly evolving strains. A: Effective immunological memory fails to develop - This is incorrect as the immune system does develop memory cells upon exposure to influenza, but the issue lies in the ability of these memory cells to recognize and combat the rapidly changing strains. B: Immune responses to influenza involve innate immune mechanisms only - This is incorrect as both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in fighting influenza, with adaptive immunity playing a crucial role in generating specific memory cells. D: Influenza virus targets memory cells - This is incorrect as influenza primarily targets respiratory epithelial cells rather than specifically targeting memory cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood sample. Step 2: Low hematocrit level indicates a decrease in the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Step 3: Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen in the body. Step 4: Lack of enough erythrocytes leads to anemia and decreased oxygen-carrying capacity. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is C: erythrocytes. Summary: A: Albumin is a protein in the blood, not directly related to hematocrit levels. B: Procoagulants help in blood clotting, not directly related to hematocrit levels. D: Agglutination refers to the clumping of cells, not directly related to hematocrit levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Asplenia. Asplenia is a condition where an individual lacks a spleen or has a non-functioning spleen. The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering blood and can lead to hematological concerns if absent. Sickle cell anemia (A), hemophilia (B), and thalassemia (D) are all hereditary disorders that directly affect blood composition or clotting factors, making them relevant to hematological concerns. However, asplenia does not directly involve blood disorders but rather impairs the immune system's ability to fight infections due to the spleen's role in immune response.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To calculate the rate of infusion in gtt/min, we first need to find the total number of drops needed for 250 mL over 4 hours. 250 mL x 10 gtt/mL = 2500 drops total 4 hours x 60 min = 240 minutes 2500 drops / 240 min ≈ 10.4 gtt/min Since we need to round to the nearest whole number, the correct answer is 10 gtt/min (Choice A). Choice B (15 gtt/min), Choice C (20 gtt/min), and Choice D (25 gtt/min) are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the calculated rate of infusion based on the given information.