An 8-year-old admitted with an upper-respiratory infection has an order for O2 saturation via pulse oximeter. To ensure an accurate reading, the nurse should:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Placing the pulse oximeter probe on the finger ensures an accurate oxygen saturation reading in an 8-year-old, as peripheral sites like fingers provide reliable arterial pulsation data. The abdomen isn't suitable, recalibration isn't routine, and waiting 15 minutes delays care unnecessarily. Nurses use this technique for quick, precise monitoring, critical in respiratory infections to guide oxygen therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anastacia Giron-Tupas founded the Philippine Nurses Association in 1922, advancing Filipino nursing's professional status e.g., advocating licensure. Sotejo, Octaviano, and Dionisio contributed differently. Her leadership at PGH and PNA shaped national standards, a key historical milestone in local nursing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Reviewing care to reduce errors is quality improvement (A) enhancing processes, per definition. Patient-centered (B) tailors, informatics (C) tech, promotion (D) well-being not error-focused. A fits QI's aim, making it correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), a body cast (spica) is often applied to maintain hip alignment, a common intervention post-reduction in infants, guided by orthopedics. Prone positioning, early surgery, or spontaneous correction aren't standard treatment stabilizes the joint. Nurses prepare families for this, explaining its role in preventing long-term disability, ensuring compliance and comfort.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Total patient care, where one nurse handles all client needs like meds and hygiene is prevalent for student nurses and private duty nurses. Students benefit from focused, hands-on learning (e.g., managing a post-op patient solo), while private nurses provide personalized attention (e.g., home care). Team nursing splits tasks, primary nursing ensures continuity, and case management coordinates, but total care's simplicity suits training and one-on-one settings. Its direct accountability fosters skill mastery, widely used in educational and private contexts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Placing the pulse oximeter probe on the finger ensures an accurate oxygen saturation reading in an 8-year-old, as peripheral sites like fingers provide reliable arterial pulsation data. The abdomen isn't suitable, recalibration isn't routine, and waiting 15 minutes delays care unnecessarily. Nurses use this technique for quick, precise monitoring, critical in respiratory infections to guide oxygen therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nursing research's primary aim is to generate knowledge to guide practice, building a scientific foundation that informs and improves care delivery. This involves studying interventions like pain management techniques or outcomes, like recovery rates, to create evidence-based guidelines that enhance safety and effectiveness. Decreasing costs, while a potential byproduct, isn't the core focus; research prioritizes quality over economics. Delegating tasks relates to workflow, not research goals, and assisting physicians, though collaborative, isn't nursing's aim its focus is autonomous advancement. This knowledge generation refines assessment, planning, and intervention, ensuring nurses address client needs with precision. For example, research on pressure ulcer prevention shapes protocols, directly impacting practice. This purpose elevates nursing as a science-driven profession, distinct from mere support roles, fostering innovation and accountability in healthcare.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Preventing complications of hypoxia (D) is the primary indication for oxygen therapy in COPD with severe dyspnea and hypoxemia, averting tissue damage and organ failure (target SpO2 88-92%). Saturation above 95% (A) risks CO2 retention in COPD. Correcting pathology (B) requires other treatments. Relieving dyspnea (C) is a benefit, not the goal. Hypoxia prevention aligns with GOLD guidelines, prioritizing survival and function over symptom relief alone.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Wellness is dynamic (A), optimal function-focused (B), balanced (D) not same as health (C), per theory. Wellness is proactive, health a state. C's identity is untrue, making it the correct false statement.