An 18-year-old client who is pregnant has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and asks the nurse if her baby is going to be born with HIV. Which response by the nurse is the best?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV can be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. By stating that the baby could contract HIV before, during, or after delivery, the nurse is providing accurate information about the potential transmission routes. This response also emphasizes the importance of interventions such as antiretroviral therapy and preventive measures to reduce the risk of transmission. Choice A is incorrect because it provides a specific statistic that may not apply to this individual case. Choice B is incorrect as it deflects the responsibility of providing information from the nurse to the healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect because it downplays the significance of early interventions in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Eggs are high in iron, essential for treating microcytic hypochromic anemia. 2. Iron is crucial for red blood cell production to improve anemia. 3. Eggs also provide protein and other nutrients needed for overall health. Summary: B, C, D are incorrect as they do not provide significant iron content required for treating microcytic hypochromic anemia. Lettuce, citrus fruits, and cheese may have other health benefits but are not specifically helpful for this type of anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. A significant blood pressure change from $130 / 90 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ to $148 / 98 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ indicates a potential hypertensive crisis which could be a serious adverse effect of epoetin alfa. Holding the dose and notifying the healthcare provider is crucial to prevent further complications. A: A hematocrit of $28 \%$ is low but expected in bone marrow suppression and is not an immediate concern. B: A total white blood cell count of 6200 cells $/ \mathrm{mm} 3$ is within normal range and not a reason to hold the dose. D: A temperature change from $99^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ to $100 \mathrm{~F}$ is a mild elevation and not directly related to epoetin alfa administration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Measuring hemoglobin or hematocrit levels in a blood sample. This is the most common way to confirm a diagnosis of anemia because anemia is characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels. By measuring these levels in a blood sample, healthcare professionals can determine if a patient's red blood cell count is below the normal range, indicating anemia. Choice B is incorrect because a cardiac stress test measures the heart's ability to respond to external stressors, not related to diagnosing anemia. Choice C is incorrect because measuring the number of red blood cells in a bone marrow sample is not the most common method for confirming anemia. Choice D is incorrect because visually examining the color of a blood sample is not a reliable or accurate method for diagnosing anemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Starting a 24- to 48-hour urine specimen collection. The Schilling test is used to diagnose pernicious anemia by evaluating vitamin B12 absorption. Collecting urine over 24-48 hours helps measure excretion of radioactive B12, indicating absorption. Administering methylcellulose (A) is not part of the Schilling test. Maintaining NPO status (C) is unnecessary for this test. Starting a 72-hour stool specimen collection (D) is not relevant as the test primarily focuses on urine collection.