ATI LPN
Pediatric Nursing Practice Questions Bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
An 11-year-old girl with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis appears with fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. The blood test reveals anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. This is most likely due to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Macrophage activation syndrome is a severe complication of systemic JIA, marked by fever, organomegaly, and cytopenias from hemophagocytosis (EULAR criteria). Viral syndrome lacks specificity, hemolytic anemia doesn’t fit all findings, spleen failure is unclear, and DIC requires coagulopathy evidence.
Question 2 of 9
The most common cause of diarrhea in infants is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Viral infection D is most common, per document p32, 4.
Question 3 of 9
A 6-month-old infant presents with stridor and poor feeding. Laryngoscopy shows floppy epiglottis. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Laryngomalacia causes stridor and floppy epiglottis in infants, per AAP. A, C-E differ.
Question 4 of 9
Which clinical manifestations assessed when performing a genitourinary assessment for a child diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome could indicate the need for dialysis? Select one that does not apply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can lead to kidney failure, necessitating dialysis. Edema , tachypnea (B, due to fluid overload or acidosis), fluid retention , and high BP indicate worsening renal function and fluid imbalance. Bradycardia is not typical; tachycardia is more common in HUS due to stress or anemia.
Question 5 of 9
A 2-year-old boy presents with a barky cough and stridor. X-ray shows a steeple sign. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Croup features a barky cough, stridor, and steeple sign, per AAP. B-E differ in presentation.
Question 6 of 9
Reduce anxiety in a child on admission by select all
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parents C and familiar faces D III, IV reduce anxiety, per document p17, 0.
Question 7 of 9
A 4-year-old boy presents with abdominal pain and bloody stools. Ultrasound shows intussusception. The next step is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Air enema reduces intussusception, per AAP. A, B, D, E are secondary.
Question 8 of 9
An 18-month-old with a severe asthma attack on prednisolone 15 mg b.i.d. requires the nurse to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Preventing infection D is key due to steroid immunosuppression, per document 2.
Question 9 of 9
A 1-month-old infant presents with cyanosis and poor feeding. Echocardiogram shows transposition of the great arteries. The next step is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Balloon atrial septostomy stabilizes transposition, per AHA. A-D are secondary.