ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Endocrine Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Alterations in the blood pressure is initially detected ..
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Baroreceptors in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch detect BP changes, sending signals to the vasomotor center.
Question 2 of 5
A 53-year-old woman has had fever and flank pain for the past 2 days. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.2°C, pulse is 81/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. Urinalysis shows no protein, glucose, or ketones. The leukocyte esterase test is positive. Microscopic examination of the urine shows numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and occasional WBC casts. Which of the following organisms is most likely to be found in the urine culture?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clinical features in this patient are typical of urinary tract infection, and Escherichia coli is the most common cause. The WBCs are characteristic of an acute inflammatory process. The presence of WBC casts indicates that the infection must have occurred in the kidney because casts are formed in renal tubules. Most infections of the urinary tract begin in the lower urinary tract and ascend to the kidneys. Hematogenous spread is less common. Cryptococcus and Mycoplasma are rare urinary tract pathogens.
Question 3 of 5
A 50-year-old man with fasting blood glucose >140 mg/dL on two occasions is put on a restricted caloric diet and started on a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Which of the following laboratory studies is most likely to afford the best method of monitoring disease control in this man?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nonenzymatic glycosylation refers to the chemical process whereby glucose attaches to proteins without the aid of enzymes. The degree of glycosylation is proportionate to the level of blood glucose. Many proteins, including hemoglobin, undergo nonenzymatic glycosylation. Because RBCs have a life span of about 120 days, the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin is a function of the blood glucose level over the previous 120-day period.
Question 4 of 5
A 44-year-old woman has become increasingly listless and weak and has had chronic diarrhea and a 5-kg weight loss over the past 7 months. She also notices that her skin seems darker, although she rarely goes outside because she is too tired for outdoor activities. On physical examination, she is afebrile, and her blood pressure is 85/50 mm Hg. A chest radiograph shows no abnormal findings. Laboratory findings include serum Na+, 120 mmol/L; K+, 5.1 mmol/L; glucose, 58 mg/dL; urea nitrogen, 18 mg/dL; and creatinine, 0.8 mg/dL. The serum corticotropin level is 82 pg/mL. Which of the following is most likely to account for these findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) results in decreased cortisol production and decreased mineralocorticoid activity. The skin hyperpigmentation results from increased corticotropin precursor hormone production, which also stimulates melanocytes. The most common cause of Addison disease, in areas where tuberculosis is not endemic, is autoimmune adrenalitis.
Question 5 of 5
Which connective tissue layer surrounds the biceps femoris muscle belly, separating it from the rest of the body?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epimysium (not epimyseum) surrounds entire muscle; perimysium bundles fascicles, endomysium covers fibers.