All of the following lab-values are consistent with Pulmonary fibrosis except?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis, a restrictive disease, stiffens lungs via interstitial scarring. FEV1/FVC is normal or high (≥80%) as FEV1 and FVC drop proportionally true. Vascular resistance rises as fibrosis compresses capillaries true. Peak expiratory flow (PEF), corrected for reduced volume, can be normal or high, as airflow isn't obstructed true. Residual volume (RV) decreases (e.g., from 1.5 L to <1 L) in fibrosis due to stiff lungs limiting all volumes, not increases as in obstructive diseases (e.g., COPD) false. Increased RV contradicts restrictive physiology, where elasticity loss shrinks residual air, making it the inconsistent value, while others align with fibrosis's impact on mechanics and circulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Melting of polar ice reducing albedo is a positive feedback mechanism. Ice's high albedo (~0.6-0.9) reflects sunlight; melting exposes darker ocean/land (~0.1), absorbing more heat, accelerating warming and further melting amplifying climate change (e.g., Arctic amplification, ~2-3× global rate). Increased cloud cover (negative feedback) reflects sunlight (~50 W/m²), cooling Earth false. Vegetation growth absorbs CO2, mitigating warming (negative) false. Cooling oceans enhance CO2 solubility, reducing greenhouse effect (negative) false. Ice-albedo feedback's self-reinforcing loop, per climate models (e.g., IPCC), distinguishes it as positive, intensifying temperature rise, a critical dynamic in polar regions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The pterygopalatine fossa hosts the maxillary artery (A, via pterygomaxillary fissure), maxillary nerve (B, via foramen rotundum), and pterygopalatine ganglion. The ganglion receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the facial nerve (VII) via the greater petrosal nerve (C), and postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the deep petrosal nerve (carotid plexus), not the lesser petrosal (D), which supplies the parotid via IX. D is incorrect sympathetic input is via deep petrosal, making it the exception.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Simple cuboidal epithelium, a single layer of cube-shaped cells, is specialized for secretion and absorption. It lines thyroid gland follicles (B), where it secretes thyroid hormones, and other structures like kidney tubules. The intestine (A) has simple columnar epithelium for nutrient absorption, with taller cells and microvilli. The epidermis (C) is stratified squamous, designed for protection, not a single layer. The trachea (D) features pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells for mucus clearance. B is correct thyroid follicles match the description, unlike the others, which serve different functions requiring distinct epithelial types.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Red marrow (A) contains hematopoietic cells, producing blood cells. Yellow marrow (B) is mostly adipocytes, storing fat. Yellow can convert to red marrow (C) in anemia to boost hematopoiesis. Yellow marrow lacks significant hematopoietic cells (D), unlike red, making D false. Its fat-dominated composition contrasts with red marrow's active blood cell production, and while conversion occurs, yellow marrow itself doesn't house hematopoietic cells unless transformed, making D the exception.