ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
All of the following lab-values are consistent with Pulmonary fibrosis except?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis doesn't increase RV. RV drops (~1 L vs. 1.2 L) due to restriction (Q13). FEV1/FVC is normal/high (A, > 80%, Q1), vascular resistance rises (B, Q10), and peak flow may hold (C) if volume-corrected. Fibrosis stiffens lungs (compliance < 0.1 L/cm H2O), shrinking TLC (< 6 L), not trapping air. D's increase unlike A's ratio opposes restrictive physiology (Q71).
Question 2 of 5
Of the following disease, the one in which a marked Leucocytosis is most likely to be found is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lobar pneumonia (A) most likely shows marked leucocytosis bacterial infection (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae) drives neutrophil counts high (e.g., 15,000-20,000/mm³) as an acute response. Atypical pneumonia (B viral, Mycoplasma) has normal or mild elevation. Tuberculosis (C) may show lymphocytosis, not marked leucocytosis, unless severe. Influenza (D) often depresses counts. Sarcoidosis features granulomas, not neutrophil surges. Lobar's bacterial consolidation lobar opacity on x-ray triggers this, key in differentiating from chronic or viral etiologies, guiding antibiotic therapy in respiratory nursing.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following would one expect to find in pleural fluid associated with lung cancer:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pleural fluid in lung cancer shows protein >3.5 g/100 mL (D) exudative from tumor inflammation or necrosis (Light's criteria: pleural/serum protein >0.5). Specific gravity <1.015 (A) or >1.015 (B) varies, not diagnostic alone. Protein <3.5 g (C) fits transudates (e.g., CHF). RBCs <100/mm³ underestimates cancer often yields bloody fluid (>10,000). High protein reflects malignancy's leakiness, key in thoracentesis analysis for oncology nursing.
Question 4 of 5
Microcytic anemia is not found in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Microcytic anemia (small RBCs, MCV <80 fL) isn't found in pernicious anemia (B) B12 deficiency causes macrocytic anemia (MCV >100 fL) from impaired DNA synthesis. Hypothyroidism (A), malabsorption (C), and chronic infection reduce iron, yielding microcytosis. Folic acid deficiency (D) mirrors B12, macrocytic. Pernicious anemia's autoimmune gastric atrophy blocks B12 absorption, key in hematology nursing for Schilling test and B12 therapy.
Question 5 of 5
Early signs of excessive exposure to X-ray or radium can best be detected by periodic:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood counts (D) best detect early X-ray/radium exposure radiation damages marrow, dropping WBCs, platelets (e.g., <1000/μL) within weeks. Chest X-ray (A) shows lung damage later. Urinalysis (B) or liver tests (C) miss hematologic effects. EKGs assess heart, not radiation. Counts' sensitivity to marrow suppression is key in nursing for occupational exposure monitoring and halting exposure.