All of the following are characteristic of the Nursing process except

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nursing process assessment to evaluation is dynamic (adaptive), cyclical (ongoing), and universal (standard) e.g., used globally for care plans. Intrapersonal (within one person) doesn't apply; it's interpersonal, involving nurse-patient interaction. This framework's flexibility ensures tailored, effective nursing across settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: External knee/leg rotation isn't done e.g., dorsal recumbent with slight knee flexion relaxes abdomen. Voiding (empty bladder), straightened legs (relaxation), and dorsal position aid inspection. Nurses avoid rotation e.g., for clear view per abdominal exam norms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ernestine Wiedenbach's Clinical Nursing A Helping Art Model (1960s) frames nursing as an art meeting patient needs e.g., teaching insulin use. Swanson's caring, Hall's core-care-cure, and Zderad's humanism differ. Wiedenbach's practical, clinical focus guides purposeful interventions, shaping training and bedside care with its emphasis on intentional, skilled assistance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A closed system, per systems theory, is isolated e.g., a candle dies under glass from no oxygen. Unlike open systems (Roy's humans), it blocks matter, energy, or information, a 'sole island.' Nurses contrast this with patients' open-system needs, like environmental adjustments, per theoretical models.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gordon's Functional Health Patterns (1980s) assess stressors' impact on mind, body, and environment re: ADLs e.g., mobility post-stroke. Head-to-toe (physical), body systems (organs), and cephalocaudal (top-down) differ. Nurses use this e.g., holistic plans for function-focused care.