ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on the Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
AII
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angiotensin II (AII) increases sodium reabsorption (D) in the proximal tubule and via aldosterone, raising blood volume. It indirectly aids water (A), doesn't decrease sodium (B), and isn't self-forming (C), making D the key effect.
Question 2 of 5
If you took a drug that inhibited the reabsorption of Na⺠in the PCT, you would:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inhibiting Na⺠reabsorption in the PCT (A) reduces water reabsorption, increasing urine output (diuresis). Decreased output (B) contradicts this, and bilirubin (C) or fat (D) effects are unrelated to sodium, making A correct.
Question 3 of 5
The majority of reabsorption occurs in the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PCT (B) reabsorbs ~65% of filtrate (water, ions, nutrients) due to its surface area and transporters. Renal capsule (A) is structural, collecting duct (C) adjusts, and ascending limb (D) dilutes, making B the majority site.
Question 4 of 5
A 78-year-old who has been admitted to the hospital with dehydration is confused and incontinent of urine. Which nursing action will be best to include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scheduled toileting every 2 hours (D) prevents incontinence in confused elderly patients, promoting dignity and reducing risks. Pads (A) risk skin issues, catheters (C) increase UTI risk, and fluid restriction (B) worsens dehydration, making D best.
Question 5 of 5
Which assessment finding for a patient who has had a cystectomy with an ileal conduit the previous day is most important for the nurse to communicate to the physician?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachycardia (102 beats/min, C) may signal infection or hemorrhage post-cystectomy, requiring urgent reporting. Cloudy urine (A) and drainage (D) are normal, and hypotonic sounds (B) are expected, making C most critical.