ATI LPN
Questions on the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
After reviewing lab results, which client to see first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prothrombin time 28 seconds. A prolonged prothrombin time indicates impaired blood clotting function, posing a higher risk of bleeding. This is a critical issue that requires immediate attention to prevent severe complications. INR of 2.8 (choice A) is slightly elevated but not as urgent as PT. Platelet count of 128,000/mm³ (choice B) is low but not an immediate concern unless it drops further. RBC count of 5.1 million/L (choice D) is within the normal range and does not indicate an urgent issue.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client with stage 3 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After assessing the client's gastrointestinal system and analyzing the data, which nursing diagnosis is most likely to be the priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diarrhea. For a client with stage 3 HIV, diarrhea is a priority nursing diagnosis due to the increased risk of opportunistic infections and medication side effects causing gastrointestinal disturbances. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, which can exacerbate the client's condition. Acute abdominal pain (choice A) may be a symptom of an underlying issue, but addressing diarrhea is more crucial in this case. Bowel incontinence (choice C) and constipation (choice D) are not typically associated with stage 3 HIV and are less urgent compared to diarrhea in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with AIDS-related wasting syndrome and AIDS-related anorexia. What drug has been found to promote significant weight gain in clients with AIDS by increasing body fat stores?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Megestrol. Megestrol is a synthetic progestin that has been found to promote significant weight gain in clients with AIDS-related wasting syndrome by increasing body fat stores. It stimulates appetite and can lead to improved food intake, resulting in weight gain. Psyllium (A) is a bulk-forming laxative, Momordica charantia (B) is a plant used in traditional medicine with no proven weight gain effects, and Ranitidine (D) is a medication used to reduce stomach acid production, none of which promote weight gain in clients with AIDS.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following blood levels is usually abnormally high in a person with polycythemia vera?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hemoglobin. In polycythemia vera, there is an overproduction of red blood cells, leading to high levels of hemoglobin. This condition is characterized by an increased viscosity of blood. Erythropoietin (B) levels are usually low in polycythemia vera due to the negative feedback mechanism. Sodium (C) and potassium (D) levels are typically not directly affected by polycythemia vera.
Question 5 of 5
A mother asks the nurse if her child's iron deficiency anemia is related to the child's frequent infections. The nurse responds based on the understanding of which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Children with iron deficiency anemia are more susceptible to infection than are other children. Iron is essential for the immune system function, and its deficiency can weaken the body's ability to fight infections. This is why children with iron deficiency anemia are more prone to infections compared to those without the condition. Choice A is incorrect because studies have shown a clear link between iron-deficiency anemia and increased susceptibility to infections in children. Choice C is incorrect as iron deficiency impairs the immune system, making children more susceptible to infections. Choice D is incorrect as research supports that children with iron deficiency anemia have a higher risk of infections due to compromised immune function.