ATI LPN
ATI Fundamentals Proctored Exam LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
After a head injury, a client develops a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What should the nurse consider before assessing the patient about the response to secretion of ADH?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH deficiency (diabetes insipidus) post-head injury causes dilute urine (B) due to reduced water reabsorption. Osmolality increases (A) is a result, not a cause. GFR (C) isn't primarily affected. Reabsorption (D) decreases. B is correct. Rationale: Low ADH leads to polyuria with low urine concentration, a key assessment in DI, per endocrine trauma care.
Question 2 of 5
During a physical assessment, a client was diagnosed with increased temperature due to an increased basal metabolic rate (BMR). Which hormonal imbalances may the client have? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased BMR with elevated temperature suggests thyroid (B) excess (hyperthyroidism), boosting metabolism. Cortisol (A) affects stress, not BMR primarily. Estrogen (C) and testosterone (D) influence other systems. B is correct. Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3, T4) directly raise BMR and heat, a classic endocrine imbalance, per physiology, unlike other hormones with indirect effects.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a T4 spinal cord injury. Which finding indicates that the client is experiencing neurogenic shock?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neurogenic shock in T4 SCI features hypotension and bradycardia (A, 82/40, 48 bpm) from sympathetic loss. Hypertension/tachycardia (B) suggests dysreflexia. C and D are normalish. A is correct. Rationale: Loss of vasomotor tone below T4 causes vasodilation and unopposed vagal activity, per SCI pathophysiology, requiring fluids and atropine.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a spinal cord injury suddenly develops a throbbing headache, nasal congestion, and a blood pressure of 210/110 mm Hg. Which action should the nurse perform first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms (headache, congestion, BP 210/110) indicate autonomic dysreflexia; checking bladder distention (B) identifies the trigger first. Medication (A) or supine (C) is secondary. Notification (D) follows. B is correct. Rationale: Removing the stimulus (e.g., bladder) halts dysreflexia, a priority per SCI protocols, preventing hypertensive crisis.
Question 5 of 5
You are the nurse working with an elderly, competent client who refuses a vitamin B injection ordered by the physician. The family insists that this injection be given, and you give it while the client is objecting. Even though the client improves, the client contacts a lawyer. From your knowledge of nursing and the law, you realize that you:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Administering a vitamin B injection to a competent client who refuses it, despite family insistence and subsequent improvement, constitutes battery. Battery is the unlawful physical contact with a person without consent, and in healthcare, consent is a fundamental right for competent adults. The client's objection overrides family wishes, and giving the injection violates autonomy, a core ethical principle. The outcome of improvement doesn't justify the action legally or ethically. Assault involves threatening harm, whereas battery is the act itself, making this the correct classification. Getting family requests in writing or focusing on the outcome doesn't negate the lack of consent. This scenario underscores the importance of respecting patient rights and the legal consequences of disregarding them, even with good intentions.