Administer a mantoux skin test to a client- inform the client that the purpose of a mantoux skin test using purified protein derivative is to do which of the following?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Identify if a client has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rationale: 1. The Mantoux skin test using purified protein derivative (PPD) is a diagnostic tool to determine if an individual has been infected with the tuberculosis bacterium. 2. The test involves injecting a small amount of PPD under the skin and observing the reaction within 48-72 hours. 3. A positive reaction indicates exposure to the tuberculosis bacterium at some point in the past, not necessarily active infection. 4. It does not provide immunity against tuberculosis (Choice B) as it is a diagnostic, not a preventive measure. 5. It does not decrease hypersensitivity to PPD (Choice A) but rather elicits a specific immune response to detect prior exposure. 6. It does not detect active tuberculosis infection immediately (Choice D) but rather indicates past exposure, requiring further testing for active disease. In summary, the Mantoux skin test with PPD is used

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Raynaud's disease is a condition where blood flow to fingers and toes is reduced in response to cold or stress, causing numbness and discoloration. Step 2: Smoking can worsen Raynaud's symptoms by constricting blood vessels, so not smoking is crucial for prevention. Step 3: Therefore, advising the client not to smoke shows understanding of preventing Raynaud's manifestations. Step 4: Option A is incorrect as purine restriction is for gout not Raynaud's. Option C is dangerous as mild symptoms should not be ignored. Option D is incorrect as cold water worsens Raynaud's symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: AIDS. Secondary immunodeficiency results from external factors such as infections or medical treatments. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which weakens the immune system. X-linked agammaglobulinemia and severe combined immunodeficiency are primary immunodeficiencies, present at birth. Addison disease affects the adrenal glands, not the immune system. Therefore, AIDS is the best example of secondary immunodeficiency due to its external cause impacting immune function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). CLL is the most common type of leukaemia in adults over 55, characterized by the slow accumulation of abnormal lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow. This type of leukaemia typically progresses slowly and may not require immediate treatment. Rationale: 1. Age group: CLL predominantly affects older adults, making it the most common type of leukaemia in individuals over 55. 2. Chronic nature: CLL is a chronic leukaemia, characterized by a slow progression of the disease. 3. Lymphocytic origin: CLL involves abnormal lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. Summary: A: Acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) is more common in children and young adults. B: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is more common in older adults but not the most common in individuals over 55. C: Chronic myeloid

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Women. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is most common in women, with about twice as many women affected compared to men. This is due to hormonal fluctuations, as well as differences in gut motility and sensitivity to stress between genders. Women are also more likely to seek medical help for their symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because IBS is not more common in older white males, children, or young black women compared to women in general.