ATI LPN
Renal System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
ADH is produced in the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the hypothalamus (D), specifically in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, then stored in the posterior pituitary. Juxtaglomerular cells (A) produce renin, anterior pituitary (B) releases ACTH, and adrenal cortex (C) makes aldosterone, making D correct.
Question 2 of 5
During reabsorption, Na⺠crosses the apical walls of the proximal tubule cells into the interstitial fluid principally by means of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Na⺠reabsorption in the PCT uses active transport (D) via Na+/K+ ATPase and Na+/H+ exchangers, not phagocytosis (A), endocytosis (B), or diffusion (C), making D the primary mechanism.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is admitted to the hospital with new onset nephrotic syndrome. Which assessment data will the nurse expect to find related to this illness?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome causes edema from hypoalbuminemia, leading to weight gain (C). Hypertension, not low BP (D), is typical, skin turgor is normal with edema (A), and ketones (B) are unrelated, making C the expected finding.
Question 4 of 5
An 88-year-old with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has a markedly distended bladder and is agitated and confused. Which of the following interventions prescribed by the health care provider should the nurse implement first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute urinary retention (A) with distension and agitation requires immediate catheterization to relieve pressure and symptoms. IVP (B), sedation (C), and labs (D) follow, but relieving retention is the urgent first step, making A the priority.
Question 5 of 5
A patient passing bloody urine has scheduled a cystoscopy with cystogram. Which description of the procedure by the nurse is accurate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a cystoscope and cystogram procedure, a cystoscope is inserted into the bladder for direct visualization, and then contrast solution is injected through the scope so that x-rays can be taken. The response beginning, “Your doctor will place a catheter†describes a renal arteriogram procedure. The response beginning, “Your doctor will inject a radioactive solution†describes a nuclear scan. The response beginning, “Your doctor will insert a lighted tube into the bladder, and little catheters will be inserted†describes a retrograde pyelogram.