ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions and Answers on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
ADH administration will not stop diuresis if it is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH administration corrects diuresis from ADH deficiency (A) by increasing water reabsorption and may mitigate excess water intake (B) by concentrating urine. However, in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (C), the kidneys don't respond to ADH due to receptor or aquaporin defects, so diuresis persists despite ADH, making C the exception.
Question 2 of 5
The medical-surgical nurse performs a dressing change on a patient with a history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The patient questions why the wound is not healing. Recognizing a teaching opportunity, what response does the nurse offer the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In non-insulin-dependent diabetes (Type 2), poor wound healing often ties to hyperglycemia, impairing immune response and tissue repair. Asking about blood sugar monitoring (D) targets this, opening discussion on glycemic control. Carbs (A), exercise (B), and sleep (C) matter less directly, making D the best teaching response.
Question 3 of 5
The main barrier precluding the free passage of albumin across the glomerular capillary walls is formed by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albumin, a negatively charged protein, is primarily blocked by anionic proteoglycan clusters in the glomerular basement membrane (B), which repel it via charge. The fenestrated endothelium (A) filters small molecules, and filtration slits (C) between podocytes limit size, but the basement membrane's charge barrier is key. ‘None' (D) is incorrect as B is true, making B the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
ADH
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water reabsorption (A) in the collecting duct via aquaporin-2, concentrating urine. It doesn't affect sodium directly (B, D) or form AII (C), making A the primary role.
Question 5 of 5
Match the description 'Passively permeable to water' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The descending limb (B) is passively permeable to water, allowing concentration via medullary osmosis. The proximal tubule (A) uses active sodium transport, collecting duct (C) requires ADH, and ascending limb (D) is impermeable, making B correct.