ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions and Answers on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
ADH
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water reabsorption (A) in the collecting duct via aquaporin-2, concentrating urine. It doesn't affect sodium directly (B, D) or form AII (C), making A the primary role.
Question 2 of 5
The apical membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule cells is impermeable to bicarbonate ions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PCT apical membrane reabsorbs bicarbonate via Na+/H+ exchange and carbonic anhydrase, making it permeable (B), not impermeable (A). False reflects this active process, making B correct.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone is made in the adrenal cortex (D), not hypothalamus/pituitary, making it incorrect. Na⺠reabsorption (A), K⺠secretion (B), and water effects (C) are true, so D is the error.
Question 4 of 5
After obtaining the health history for a 25-year-old who smokes two packs of cigarettes daily, the nurse will plan to do teaching about the increased risk for
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer (B), linked to carcinogens in urine. Stones (A), infections (C), and interstitial cystitis (D) have other causes, making B the priority teaching.
Question 5 of 5
A patient undergoes a nephrectomy after having massive trauma to the kidney. Which assessment finding obtained postoperatively is most important to communicate to the surgeon?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low urine output (20 mL/hr, C) post-nephrectomy suggests renal perfusion issues (e.g., bleeding), critical to report. BP (A) needs monitoring, pain (B) is manageable, and crackles (D) are less urgent, making C the priority.