Acute interstitial pneumonia

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) has no known etiology (B), with radiological and clinical parallels to ARDS'. Choice A is false; mean age is 50, not 30. Choice C is incorrect; it affects men and women equally. Choice D is wrong; it follows a short respiratory illness (<3 weeks), not urinary infections. Choice E (50% mortality) is true but not listed. Page 716 describes AIP as idiopathic, rapidly progressive, with 50% mortality, distinguishing B as the correct feature its unknown cause aligns with ARDS-like diffuse alveolar damage, unlike A's age error or D's unrelated trigger.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) causes coal nodules (C), larger than macules. Choice A is false; unlike silicosis, it doesn't increase TB risk. Choice B is incorrect; complicated CWP is uncommon (<10%), not universal. Choice D is wrong; anthracosis (mild) affects urban dwellers/smokers, not just coal workers. Choice E (no cancer link) is true. Page 734 details C's morphology nodules from dust aggregation distinguish it over A's TB link or B's prevalence error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pulmonary embolism (PE) can complicate central venous lines (D), via catheter-related thrombi. Choice A is true; in situ pulmonary thrombi are rare (most are embolic). Choice B is correct; 30% of burn deaths involve PE. Choice C is accurate; PE causes ≈10% of hospital deaths. Choice E (all true) is redundant. Page 742 confirms D's clinical relevance lines increase venous thromboembolism risk, aligning with A-C's epidemiology, making it a key feature.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct order in lobar pneumonia is congestion, red hepatization, grey hepatization, resolution (D). Congestion (edema/exudate) precedes red hepatization (RBCs in alveoli), followed by grey hepatization (RBC lysis, fibrin), then resolution (clearance). Choice A reverses order. Choice B skips congestion. Choice C misplaces red/grey. Choice E adds fibrosis (not typical). Page 750 outlines D's progression S pneumoniae's inflammation evolves predictably, with grey following red as RBCs disintegrate, making it the accurate sequence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Adenocarcinoma tends to metastasize early and widely (D), often before diagnosis. Choice A is false; it's more common in women. Choice B is incorrect; it's most common in non-smokers (75% still smokers, less than SCC's 95%). Choice C is wrong; it's peripheral. Choice E (small lesions) is true. Page 760 details D's behavior peripheral growth spreads to pleura/lymphatics, distinguishing it over A's sex or B's smoking error.