According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, to diagnose attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, a child/adolescent psychiatric and mental health clinical nurse specialist assesses a child’s:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: DSM-5 requires ADHD symptoms (e.g., inattention, hyperactivity) to impair functioning in multiple settings like home and school (C). Specific behaviors (A, B) are components, and intellect (D) isn’t diagnostic.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ensuring care continuity and medication (B) avoids abandonment, a legal and ethical duty. Disease (A), timing (C), and standards (D) are relevant but secondary.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Autistic spectrum disorders (C) feature social, communication deficits, and repetitive behaviors per DSM-5. Conversion (A) involves physical symptoms, PTSD (B) trauma responses, and learning disability (D) academic struggles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nail biting (B) is a frequent sign of nervousness, a repetitive stress response. Aggression (A) may occur, but learning disabilities (C) and schizophrenia (D) are distinct conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: School phobia (C) is an intense fear of attending school, often anxiety-based. Claustrophobia (A) is confined spaces, agoraphobia (B) open spaces, and social phobia (D) social settings.