According to the Biopsychosocial and spiritual theory of Sister Callista Roy, Man, As a SOCIAL being is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model (1970s) sees humans as biopsychosocial-spiritual beings. Socially, people share traits with some others e.g., community roles but differ psychologically (unique thoughts). Biologically and spiritually, humans are alike (e.g., physiology, faith capacity). This nuanced view guides nurses to tailor social support e.g., family counseling enhancing adaptive care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Using the thumb to palpate radial pulse is incorrect e.g., its own pulse interferes unlike fingers (index, middle) on the inner wrist, palm down, assessing rate, rhythm, volume, and symmetry. Nurses avoid this e.g., per skills training for accurate, interference-free measurement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: External knee/leg rotation isn't done e.g., dorsal recumbent with slight knee flexion relaxes abdomen. Voiding (empty bladder), straightened legs (relaxation), and dorsal position aid inspection. Nurses avoid rotation e.g., for clear view per abdominal exam norms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ernestine Wiedenbach's Clinical Nursing A Helping Art Model (1960s) frames nursing as an art meeting patient needs e.g., teaching insulin use. Swanson's caring, Hall's core-care-cure, and Zderad's humanism differ. Wiedenbach's practical, clinical focus guides purposeful interventions, shaping training and bedside care with its emphasis on intentional, skilled assistance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A closed system, per systems theory, is isolated e.g., a candle dies under glass from no oxygen. Unlike open systems (Roy's humans), it blocks matter, energy, or information, a 'sole island.' Nurses contrast this with patients' open-system needs, like environmental adjustments, per theoretical models.