Absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine (enterocytes) are characterized by:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine (enterocytes) are characterized by: A: Apical brush border composed of microvilli - This increases surface area for absorption. B: A glycocalyx containing various digestive enzymes - This aids in digestion and absorption. C: Junctional complexes including tight junctions separating apical from lateral cell membranes - This maintains cell polarity and regulates permeability. Therefore, choice D is correct as all these characteristics are typical of absorptive epithelial cells in the small intestine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: hepatocytes. The term liver parenchyma refers to the functional cells of the liver responsible for its essential functions, such as metabolism, detoxification, and synthesis. Hepatocytes make up the majority of the liver's mass and are crucial for its normal functioning. Portal veins and hepatic arteries (choice B) are blood vessels supplying the liver, bile ducts (choice C) are responsible for transporting bile, and stored glycogen (choice D) is a form of stored energy in the liver, but they do not specifically refer to the liver parenchyma.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: breakdown of hemoglobin. Hepatocytes do not breakdown hemoglobin; this function occurs primarily in the spleen. A: drug detoxification is correct as the liver metabolizes and detoxifies drugs. B: protein synthesis is also correct as hepatocytes produce various proteins. C: gluconeogenesis is correct as the liver can synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. Therefore, the breakdown of hemoglobin is the only function not performed by hepatocytes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The gall bladder is best understood as a specialized region of a duct. It stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver, releasing it into the small intestine for digestion. The gall bladder is anatomically connected to the bile duct system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the gall bladder is not a lymph node (A), adipose tissue (C), or hepatocyte parenchyma (D). The gall bladder's main function is related to bile storage and release, making it a specialized region of a duct system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pancreatoduodenectomy. The Whipple procedure involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, a portion of the duodenum, the gallbladder, and part of the bile duct. Therefore, it is also known as a Pancreatoduodenectomy. A: Cholangiopancreatography is a diagnostic imaging technique to visualize the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts, not a surgical procedure. C: Cholangiogram is an imaging test to visualize the bile ducts, not a surgical procedure. D: Cholecystogram is an imaging test to visualize the gallbladder, not a surgical procedure.