Abnormal dilatation of air spaces which are distal to the terminal bronchioles is a definition of which disease?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Physiological dead space (Vd) is 180 mL. Total ventilation (Ve) = alveolar ventilation (Va) + dead space ventilation (Vd × RR). Given Va = 4.3 L/min and tidal volume (Vt) = 600 mL, assume RR = 10 breaths/min (Ve = 6 L/min). Then, Ve = Va + Vd × RR → 6 = 4.3 + Vd × 10/1000 → Vd = (6 - 4.3) × 1000 / 10 = 170 mL. Bohr's method confirms: Vd/Vt = (PaCO2 - PECO2) / PaCO2 → Vd = 600 × (40 - 28) / 40 = 180 mL. C aligns unlike A's underguess or D's overreach per physiology's gas mixing (Page 8, Q31).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Residual volume (RV, D) remains after forced exhalation (~1.2 L) . Tidal volume (A) is quiet breathing (~500 mL). ERV (B) is expirable reserve (~1.3 L). Vital capacity (C) is max exhale (~4.8 L, Q26). RV, unmeasurable by spirometry, stays due to chest wall recoil and airway closure. D's permanence unlike A's cycle or C's total defines post-effort air, per lung volume physiology (Q13).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Physiological dead space isn't just alveolar dead space . It's anatomic (~150 mL) plus alveolar dead space (A, true). Lung disease (B) and high V/Q (C) increase it (e.g., embolism, Q34). D's equation misses anatomic part alveolar dead space varies (0 to >150 mL), while physiological sums both. Bohr's method (Q12) confirms. D's error unlike A's baseline misdefines total wasted ventilation, per physiology (Q3).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cough suppressants aren't indicated in asthma. Resistance rises (B) via bronchoconstriction (Q8). FEV1/FVC falls (< 80%, C, true) in attacks (Q15). Bronchodilators (D) relieve spasms. Allergies trigger it. A's suppression cough clears mucus worsens obstruction, unlike B's mechanics or D's therapy, per asthma management (opposite Q13's bronchitis).