A worried parent of a 6-month-old infant wants to know if the child needs to be seen by a healthcare provider for flu-like symptoms. Which question should the nurse ask to best determine the acuity of the child's illness?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse asks if the 6-month-old has trouble breathing to gauge acuity, as respiratory distress (e.g., rapid breathing, grunting) in infants signals severe flu complications like bronchiolitis, needing urgent care. Small airways and immature immunity make this critical too young for flu shots, they're at high risk. Fever matters, but alone doesn't define urgency. Nasal drainage is typical, not acute. Symptom onset aids context, not immediate severity. Prioritizing breathing aligns with pediatric triage, ensuring the parent seeks help if this red flag appears, protecting the infant from rapid deterioration common in flu-related respiratory crises.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aspirin-induced asthma occurs in patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps (B), part of the aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease triad. Choice A is false; it's a contraindication (MIMS warns of bronchospasm). Choice C is incorrect; minute doses trigger it. Choice D is wrong; aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase, shunting to leukotrienes (lipooxygenase), not inducing COX. Choice E (urticaria) is true but not listed. Page 726 explains B's association 10-20% of asthmatics with polyps/rhinitis react, with leukotrienes causing constriction, distinguishing it over A's safety or D's mechanism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sarcoidosis causes bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (C) in 90% of cases. Choice A is false; its cause is unknown (possible immune dysregulation), not silica (pneumoconiosis). Choice B is incorrect; granulomas are non-caseating. Choice D is wrong; lung pathology is most common, followed by eye/skin lesions. Choice E (more in women) is true. Page 737 confirms C's radiographic hallmark hilar nodes distinguish it, unlike A's etiology or B's necrosis error.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: S pneumoniae is endogenous flora in 20% of adults (A), colonizing the oropharynx. Choice B is true; bacterial/viral causes predominate. Choice C is false; 20-30% have positive blood cultures, not 50%. Choice D is incorrect; resistance to penicillin is variable. Choice E (H influenzae not overtaking) is true. Page 748 confirms A's carriage rate common in healthy adults, it's the leading pathogen, distinguishing it over C's exaggeration or D's sensitivity error.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Gram-negative rods are common nosocomial pneumonia pathogens (C), e.g., Klebsiella, Pseudomonas. Choice A is false; they're common with severe disease (e.g., intubation). Choice B is incorrect; antibiotics are a risk factor, not preventative. Choice D is wrong; Strep pneumoniae is minor in hospitals. Choice E (life-threatening) is true. Page 752 lists C's dominance gram-negative 'poo bugs' thrive in hospital settings, unlike A's broad claim or B's prevention error.