ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A study of pulmonary disease in persons who are smokers shows that tobacco used in greater amounts and for longer periods is positively correlated with the degree of lung parenchymal destruction with centrilobular emphysema. However, some persons with a history of extensive tobacco use have less lung damage than persons who smoked less. Polymorphisms involving which of the following genes are most likely to explain these differences in the repair response to lung injury in smokers?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TGF-β (D) polymorphisms explain repair variance in emphysema . Reduced TGF-β impairs mesenchymal repair , worsening alveolar loss (50% in heavy smokers). AAT (A) causes panacinar. BMPR2 (B) links to hypertension. CFTR (C) is cystic fibrosis. D's role unlike A's specific deficiency modulates damage, per document.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following diseases are termed blue bloaters and pink puffers respectively?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis and emphysema (D) are blue bloaters' and pink puffers' . Bronchitis cyanosis and emphysema's hyperventilation differ. Asthma (A) reverses. Bronchiectasis (C) lacks this. D's pairing unlike A's mismatch fits, per document.
Question 3 of 5
Pulmonary surfactant:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary surfactant prevents alveoli from collapsing (D) . Secreted by type II pneumocytes, it cuts surface tension (30 dynes/cm to 5), stabilizing 300 million alveoli (Page 1). Protection (A) is vague. Dust clearance (B) is ciliary. Bronchioles (C) don't produce it. D's role unlike B's ciliary action averts atelectasis, per document.
Question 4 of 5
Compared to a normal individual, a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, one of the following is expected to be more than normal?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) raises pulmonary vascular resistance (B) via alveolar scarring. TLC (A) drops (~4 L vs. 6 L) due to restriction. FEV1 (C) decreases, but FEV1/FVC stays normal (Q1). PaO2 (D) falls (~60 mmHg) from diffusion impairment. B's increase capillary compression, hypoxic vasoconstriction strains the right heart (Q10), unlike A's or C's restrictive decline, per IPF pathology.
Question 5 of 5
Fick's law depend on multiple factors, which one of them will have the most effect when observing the diffusion of different gases?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fick's law (diffusion rate = D × A × ΔP / d) ranks diffusion coefficient (D) highest for different gases (D) . D reflects gas solubility and molecular weight (Graham's law: D ∠1/√MW). CO2's D (0.57) exceeds O2's (0.024) 20-fold, despite O2's steeper gradient (A, ~60 mmHg vs. CO2's 6 mmHg). Distance (C, 0.2 μm) and area (A, 70 m^2) are constant; temperature (B) is stable (37°C). D's gas-specificity unlike A's universal drive dominates diffusion variance, per physiology (Q44).