ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A study of persons with atopic asthma reveals that they develop pathologic changes in their airways with repeated bouts. These changes include smooth muscle and mucus gland hypertrophy. It is observed that the late-phase inflammatory response to allergens potentiates epithelial cell cytokine production that promotes airway remodeling. Which of the following immune cells is most important in this excessive inflammatory response to allergens?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TH2 lymphocytes (D) drive atopic asthma's late-phase inflammation . IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 boost eosinophilia and remodeling (smooth muscle 50% thicker), per Table 12-2. B cells (A) produce IgE via TH2. Cytotoxic (B) and NK (C) cells target infections. D's cytokine storm unlike A's secondary role potentiates airway changes, per document.
Question 2 of 5
43 male patient present to the physician with dyspnea excessive sputum and blue lips and extremities chest radiography showed large heart and prominent blood vessels, which of the following is most likely the diagnosis:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The lung (C) isn't upper respiratory . The upper tract nose, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis filters and warms air. The larynx (A) vibrates for speech, epiglottis (D) guards the trachea (B), which links to lower airways. Lungs (C), distal to the trachea, perform gas exchange (300 million alveoli), not air conduction. C's role in exchange unlike A's phonation or B's conduit function excludes it from the upper tract, per anatomy (Page 2).
Question 4 of 5
Regarding dead space, choose the FALSE statement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dead space is gas not exchanging (A, true), but physiological dead space includes anatomic (~150 mL) plus alveolar dead space, not just alveolar (B, false) . It's measured via Bohr's method arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) vs. mixed expired PCO2 (PECO2) not directly by PECO2 alone (C, false). Ventilators add tubing dead space (D, true), and high V/Q ratios increase it (Page 8, Q34). C's oversimplification misses PaCO2's role (e.g., Q12: 600 mL tidal, 180 mL dead space), misaligning with physiology's dual-component definition.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following values is above normal in a patient suffering from severe respiratory muscle weakness?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe respiratory muscle weakness raises arterial PCO2 (D). Normal PCO2 is 35-45 mmHg; weakness (e.g., diaphragm paralysis) cuts ventilation (Vt < 500 mL), causing CO2 retention (> 45 mmHg). Tidal volume (A) drops (~300 mL vs. 500 mL), vital capacity (C) falls (< 4 L vs. 4.8 L) due to weak inspiratory force, and oxyhemoglobin saturation (B) decreases (< 95%) from hypoventilation. D's elevation unlike A's or C's reduction stems from inadequate alveolar ventilation (Va = (Vt - Vd) × RR), pushing PCO2 up as O2 drops (Q15), per gas exchange physiology.