ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A study is conducted of individuals who smoked at least one pack of cigarettes per day for 30 years. These individuals undergo pulmonary function testing, and a large subset is found to have decreased FEV1, normal to decreased FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70%. Autopsy data from the subset of individuals in the study with a low FEV1/FVC ratio are analyzed. Which of the following respiratory tract structures in the lungs is likely to be affected most by underlying disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory bronchiole (D) is most affected in centriacinar emphysema from smoking (Page 28, Ans: D). Long-term tobacco (30 pack-years) damages central acinus, dilating respiratory bronchioles via elastase , reducing FEV1/FVC (<70%). Alveolar ducts (A) and sacs (B) are spared; bronchi (C) resist with cartilage. Autopsy shows upper-lobe destruction 50% loss contrasting panacinar's lobule-wide effect. D's centrality in airflow obstruction distinguishes it from A's distal role, per pathology.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following describes the Morphology of Emphysema:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All (D) describe emphysema morphology . Pale, voluminous lungs and alveolar thinning (50% loss) reflect air trapping . A, B, C are true individually. D's inclusivity unlike A's partiality captures full pathology, per document.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following diseases are termed blue bloaters and pink puffers respectively?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis and emphysema (D) are blue bloaters' and pink puffers' . Bronchitis cyanosis and emphysema's hyperventilation differ. Asthma (A) reverses. Bronchiectasis (C) lacks this. D's pairing unlike A's mismatch fits, per document.
Question 4 of 5
Pulmonary surfactant:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary surfactant prevents alveoli from collapsing (D) . Secreted by type II pneumocytes, it cuts surface tension (30 dynes/cm to 5), stabilizing 300 million alveoli (Page 1). Protection (A) is vague. Dust clearance (B) is ciliary. Bronchioles (C) don't produce it. D's role unlike B's ciliary action averts atelectasis, per document.
Question 5 of 5
Compared to a normal individual, a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, one of the following is expected to be more than normal?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) raises pulmonary vascular resistance (B) via alveolar scarring. TLC (A) drops (~4 L vs. 6 L) due to restriction. FEV1 (C) decreases, but FEV1/FVC stays normal (Q1). PaO2 (D) falls (~60 mmHg) from diffusion impairment. B's increase capillary compression, hypoxic vasoconstriction strains the right heart (Q10), unlike A's or C's restrictive decline, per IPF pathology.