A school-age client, recently diagnosed with asthma, also has a peanut allergy. The nurse instructs the family to not only avoid peanuts but also to carefully check food label ingredients for peanut products and to make sure dishes and utensils are adequately washed prior to food preparation. The mother asks why this is specific for her child. Based on the client’s history, the nurse knows that this client is at an increased risk for which complication?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly in individuals with peanut allergies. The client's history of asthma and peanut allergy puts them at a higher risk for experiencing anaphylaxis when exposed to peanuts. Anaphylaxis can cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling, a drop in blood pressure, and can be fatal if not treated promptly with epinephrine. A: Urticaria is a skin rash that can occur in response to an allergic reaction, but it is not as severe or life-threatening as anaphylaxis. B: Diarrhea is not typically a common symptom of an allergic reaction to peanuts and does not pose the same level of risk as anaphylaxis. D: Headache is not a common symptom of an allergic reaction to peanuts and is not as severe as anaphylaxis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the child in knee-to-chest position. This position helps improve blood flow to the lungs by reducing the amount of blood shunted away from the lungs in tetralogy of Fallot. It can help alleviate cyanosis and respiratory distress. This action should be done first to address the immediate physiological need of the child. Choice A: Obtaining sedation may be necessary, but addressing the physiological distress should take precedence. Choice B: Assessing for an irregular heart rate and rhythm is important but not the immediate priority in this situation. Choice C: Explaining to the child may be helpful for preparation, but addressing the physiological distress is the priority.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place child in the knee-chest position. This is the first action to relieve hypercyanotic spells in infants with Tetralogy of Fallot. Placing the child in the knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, reduces venous return to the heart, and improves pulmonary blood flow. This helps alleviate the cyanosis by decreasing the right-to-left shunting of blood. Assessing for neurologic defects (A) is not the priority in this situation. Preparing the family for imminent death (B) is premature and not appropriate as the first action. Beginning cardiopulmonary resuscitation (C) is not indicated unless the infant becomes unresponsive.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because therapeutic management of Kawasaki disease includes administration of gamma globulin to reduce the risk of coronary artery abnormalities and salicylates for anti-inflammatory effects. A is incorrect because aspirin is actually indicated for Kawasaki disease. B is incorrect as the principal area of involvement is the coronary arteries, not the joints. C is incorrect because Kawasaki disease is not responsive to antibiotics as it is an autoimmune disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all bacteria, viruses, and fungi are examples of pathogens that can cause human disease. Bacteria (choice A) such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus can lead to infections like pneumonia and meningitis. Viruses (choice B) like Influenza and HIV cause illnesses such as the flu and AIDS. Fungi (choice C) such as Candida can result in fungal infections like yeast infections. Therefore, the correct answer includes all possible types of pathogens that can harm human health.