ATI LPN
Immune System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A school-age child with hemophilia falls on the playground and goes to the nurse’s office with superficial bleeding above the knee. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Apply pressure to the area for at least 15 minutes. In hemophilia, the blood clotting process is impaired, so applying pressure helps control bleeding by promoting clot formation. This prevents excessive blood loss and reduces the risk of complications. Applying a warm, moist pack (A) can worsen bleeding by dilating blood vessels. Performing passive range of motion (B) can exacerbate bleeding by increasing blood flow. Keeping the affected extremity dependent (D) can cause pooling of blood and prolong bleeding. Therefore, applying pressure is the most appropriate action.
Question 2 of 5
An adolescent is receiving methotrexate chemotherapy after undergoing limb-salvage surgery for osteogenic sarcoma. Which statement by the adolescent indicates understanding of the purpose of leucovorin therapy after the methotrexate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because leucovorin is used to reduce the toxic effects of methotrexate by "rescuing" normal cells. Methotrexate inhibits folic acid synthesis, affecting rapidly dividing cells. Leucovorin helps replenish folic acid levels in normal cells, reducing toxicity. Taking leucovorin every 6 hours for about the next 3 days after methotrexate administration ensures continuous protection. Statements A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not demonstrate an understanding of the timing and frequency required for leucovorin therapy to counteract the effects of methotrexate.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following nursing interventions can help prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting during chemo?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, administering an antiemetic 30 minutes before chemo. Antiemetics are medications specifically designed to prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting. Administering them before chemo helps to control these side effects. Other choices are incorrect because providing a high fiber diet (A) may not directly address nausea and vomiting, administering allopurinol (B) is not indicated for managing nausea and vomiting, and while increasing fluid intake (C) is important, it may not be as effective as an antiemetic in preventing these symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
A child with nephrotic syndrome has been placed on prednisone for several weeks. An important point of teaching with the parents should include:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Never stop the medication suddenly. This is important because stopping prednisone suddenly can lead to adrenal insufficiency due to the suppression of the adrenal glands. The other choices are incorrect because B is inaccurate as prednisone is usually taken daily, not just once a week. C is incorrect as there is no specific time of day that prednisone must be taken. D is also incorrect as prednisone is typically taken with food to reduce stomach irritation.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to admit a child with possible hydronephrosis. What labs should the nurse expect to draw on this child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer B: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are essential labs to draw for a child with possible hydronephrosis. Elevated levels indicate impaired kidney function. This helps in diagnosing and monitoring the condition. Platelet count (A) is not typically related to hydronephrosis. PTT (C) assesses blood clotting function, not kidney function. Blood culture (D) is used to identify bacterial infections, not specific to hydronephrosis.