ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A school-age child with CF asks the nurse what sports she can be involved in as she becomes older. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for the nurse to suggest?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Swimming is most appropriate for a child with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF causes thick mucus to obstruct airways, impairing breathing. Swimming enhances cardiovascular endurance and strengthens respiratory muscles without high-impact stress, unlike track (B) or javelin throwing (D), which demand intense bursts taxing limited lung capacity. Baseball (C) involves less sustained effort but includes dust exposure risks. Swimming's humid environment may loosen mucus, aiding clearance, while its low joint strain suits CF's physical challenges. Exercise tolerance varies, but swimming aligns with CF management promoting lung function and activity key in nursing guidance to balance health and quality of life for chronic respiratory conditions.
Question 2 of 5
A 20-year-old, previously healthy man is jogging one morning when he trips and falls to the ground. He suddenly becomes markedly short of breath. On examination in the emergency room there are no breath sounds audible over the right side of the chest. A chest radiograph shows shift of the mediastinum from right to left. A chest tube is inserted on the right side, and air rushes out. Which of the following underlying disease is most likely to have produced this complication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Distal acinar (paraseptal) emphysema (D) causes this pneumothorax . Subpleural lesions (<2 cm) rupture easily with trauma, collapsing the lung (no breath sounds, mediastinal shift). Air escape via chest tube confirms tension pneumothorax. Asthma (A) traps air but rarely ruptures. Bronchiectasis (B) yields hemoptysis, not pneumothorax . Centriacinar emphysema (C) affects smokers, not young adults, and isn't subpleural. D's localized fragility prone to rupture explains this acute event, unlike A's reversibility or B's infection focus, per pathology notes.
Question 3 of 5
A 62-year-old man is a smoker with a 10-year history of cough productive of copious mucopurulent sputum. Over the past 6 months, he has developed progressive dyspnea. Physical examination shows bilateral pedal edema and a soft but enlarged liver. A chest radiograph shows bilateral pleural effusions and a prominent right heart border. Arterial blood gas values are Po2, 60 mm Hg; Pco2, 52 mm Hg; pH, 7.30; and HCO3-, 29 mEq/L. He is intubated and placed on a ventilator, and he requires increasing amounts of oxygen. Which of the following microscopic findings is most likely to be present in the affected lungs?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypertrophy of bronchial submucosal glands (D) marks chronic bronchitis (Page 30, Ans: D). Smoking and cough (>3 months, 2 years) with cor pulmonale (edema, effusions) reflect mucus hypersecretion (100 mL/day). Granulomas (A) fit sarcoidosis. Carcinoma (B) masses. Fibrosis (C) is restrictive. D's histologic change unlike A's granulomas drives obstruction, per document.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is the role of IL-4 :
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IL-4 drives IgE production (B) in asthma (Page 31, Ans: C corrected). TH2 cells signal B cells for IgE , not directly eosinophils (A IL-5) or mucus (C IL-13). All' (D) overstates. B's specificity unlike D's breadth is key, per document.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following diseases causes reversible bronchoconstriction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma (D) causes reversible bronchoconstriction . B-agonists reverse spasms , unlike irreversible bronchiectasis (A), bronchitis (B), and emphysema (C). D's reversibility versus B's chronicity defines it, per document.