A registered nurse reaches to answer the telephone on a busy pediatric unit, momentarily turning away from a 3 month-old infant she has been weighing. The infant falls off the scale, suffering a skull fracture. The nurse could be charged with:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Malpractice involves professional negligence causing harm, like leaving an infant unattended.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Auscultating for a bruit confirms an aneurysm; palpation risks rupture.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cutaneous stimulation empowers the client to manage their pain.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Numbness is typical of depression, not the anger stage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Callista Roy conceptualized nursing as a theoretical system centered on the care of ill individuals through structured analysis and action. Her Adaptation Model, developed in the 1970s, portrays humans as biopsychosocial beings who adapt to environmental stimuli. Nursing, in her view, involves assessing these stimuli physical, emotional, or social and intervening to promote adaptive responses that maintain homeostasis. This systematic approach distinguishes her from others: King emphasized interpersonal systems and goal-setting, Henderson focused on assisting with daily activities, and Leininger prioritized cultural care. Roy's emphasis on ‘theoretical' highlights nursing as a science, requiring nurses to analyze patient conditions (e.g., stress from illness) and act (e.g., through education or physical support) to enhance coping. Her model's practical application, like managing a patient's pain response, underscores its relevance in clinical settings, making it a foundational framework for evidence-based nursing practice.