A person authorized to give or withhold consent on an incapable person's behalf is called:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A substitute decision maker legally consents for an incapable person, unlike consenter (B, not a term), assaulter (C, irrelevant), or executor (D, for estates). PSWs interact with them when clients can't decide e.g., dementia cases ensuring care aligns with the client's best interests. Misidentifying this role could delay decisions or misapply authority, compromising care. Recognizing this authority ensures PSWs respect legal proxies, facilitating timely interventions like treatment approval, a critical link in client advocacy and ethical practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Activities of daily living include bathing, grooming, and elimination routine self-care tasks unlike cognitive functions (A, mental processes), communication skills (B, interaction), or high-level needs (D, abstract goals). PSWs assist with ADLs to maintain client independence and hygiene, critical for health and dignity. Misclassifying these risks neglecting basic care; ADLs aren't cognitive or advanced needs but foundational. For example, helping a client bathe ensures cleanliness and prevents infection, a core PSW duty. This distinction aligns with care plans, prioritizing physical support over mental or aspirational tasks, ensuring clients' daily needs are met systematically, a practical focus in their training.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Illness is the loss of health, physical or mental, unlike stigma (B, shame), stress (C, strain), or physiology (D, function study). PSWs address this e.g., reporting symptoms focusing on restoration. Misnaming risks misdiagnosis; illness isn't just stress. For clients, it's a state needing care, a PSW focus. This clarity ensures they target health declines accurately, supporting recovery or management, a foundational concept in their daily observations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Negligence fits careless damage e.g., glasses unlike battery (A, harm), assault (B, threat), or malpractice (C, professional error). PSWs report this, ensuring accountability. Misnaming risks liability mix-up; negligence is unintentional. This duty prevents harm, a PSW focus, aligning with training to safeguard client property and trust.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A midwife provides pregnancy care, unlike RNs , RPNs , or MDs . PSWs assist e.g., home support under midwives. Misnaming risks role mix-up; midwives specialize. This clarity aids PSWs, ensuring maternal care aligns, a niche collaboration in their scope.