A pediatric client with burns to the hands and arms has dressing changes with Sulfamylon (mafenide acetate) cream. The nurse is aware that the medication:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sulfamylon cream causes a burning sensation on application to burns, a known effect due to its penetration into damaged tissue, requiring pain management a pediatric care priority. Staining, cooling, or thyroid impact aren't typical. Nurses prepare for this, using analgesics to ease discomfort, supporting healing in young clients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to promote health and stop disease before it starts, a key nursing role at health fairs. Family planning services educate on contraception, preventing unintended pregnancies a proactive health step. Accident prevention education, like teaching helmet use, averts injuries, targeting safety before incidents. Heart-healthy nutrition services promote diets reducing cardiovascular risk, fostering wellness pre-disease. Skin cancer screening, though vital, is secondary prevention, detecting issues early, not preventing onset. Rehabilitation for back pain is tertiary, managing existing conditions. These primary activities planning, safety, nutrition empower communities with knowledge and habits to sidestep illness, aligning with nursing's preventive focus, leveraging education to build health resilience before crises emerge.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), a rare tracheostomy complication, involves an abnormal connection between trachea and esophagus. Aspiration of gastric contents during suctioning (B) is a definitive sign, indicating esophageal leakage into the airway. Frequent suctioning (A) or excessive secretions (D) are nonspecific. Pink skin (C) reflects good oxygenation, not TEF. B is correct. Rationale: TEF allows gastric contents to enter the trachea, detected during suctioning, requiring urgent intervention like tube adjustment or surgery, distinct from routine secretion issues, per critical care nursing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tympanic temp of 37.9°C falls within normal (36.6-38°C) e.g., slightly elevated from barking cough stress. It's not high (>38°C), low (<36.6°C), or low-end. Nurses interpret this as high-normal, monitoring for trends in acute respiratory cases, per standard ranges.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Elbow restraints are used post-cleft palate repair to prevent an 18-month-old from touching the surgical site, protecting sutures without overly restricting movement. Full arm or wrist restraints are excessive, while mummy restraints are impractical and unnecessary. Nurses apply these to balance safety and comfort, educating parents on their temporary use to ensure healing, critical for speech and feeding outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome disrupts kidney filtration. Proteinuria (choice A) exceeds 3.5 g/day, causing hypoalbuminemia. Edema (choice B) results from low oncotic pressure, fluid shifting to tissues. Hyperlipidemia (choice C) occurs as the liver compensates for protein loss. All (choice D) are hallmarks, correct per definition. Nurses monitor urine protein, manage swelling, and educate on diet, addressing this triad.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement to include in the teaching is to increase the intake of vitamin D-rich foods. Vitamin D helps improve calcium absorption, which is beneficial for bone health and may help alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis. Option A is incorrect because while calcium is important for bone health, the focus should be on vitamin D for calcium absorption. Option B is incorrect as potassium is generally not restricted in osteoarthritis. Option D is also incorrect as sodium restriction is more relevant for conditions like hypertension or heart failure, not specifically for osteoarthritis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reducing the intake of sodium-rich foods is beneficial for managing fluid retention and symptoms of cirrhosis. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid buildup in the body, worsening edema and ascites commonly associated with cirrhosis. Therefore, advising the client to decrease their intake of sodium-rich foods is crucial in the dietary management of cirrhosis. Option A is incorrect as increasing sodium intake would exacerbate fluid retention. Option C is irrelevant to cirrhosis management unless the client has lactose intolerance. Option D is incorrect as increasing dairy product intake may not be suitable for all patients with cirrhosis, especially if they have complications like hepatic encephalopathy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Coping responds to stress (A), can be adaptive/maladaptive (B), may solve problems (D) 'always solves' (C) isn't true, as some coping (e.g., denial) avoids, per Lazarus. C's certainty fails, making it untrue.