A patient with tuberculosis is started on rifampin. What advice should the nurse provide?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Expect orange-red discoloration of body fluids. Rifampin is known to cause a harmless side effect of discoloration of body fluids, such as urine, sweat, saliva, and tears, turning them orange-red. This is a common occurrence and should be expected by the patient. Incorrect choices: A: Limit intake of green leafy vegetables - This advice is not necessary with rifampin. C: Avoid exposure to sunlight - There is no direct association between rifampin and sunlight exposure. D: Take the medication with antacids - Rifampin should not be taken with antacids as they can interfere with its absorption. In summary, the correct answer is B because it aligns with a known side effect of rifampin, while the other choices are not relevant to the medication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperkalemia. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic commonly used in patients with heart failure. It works by blocking the aldosterone receptor, leading to potassium retention and potential hyperkalemia. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial as hyperkalemia can increase the risk of arrhythmias and other cardiac complications in heart failure patients. A: Hypokalemia is incorrect because spironolactone typically causes potassium retention. C: Hyponatremia and D: Hypernatremia are incorrect as spironolactone does not directly affect sodium levels. In summary, monitoring for hyperkalemia is essential in patients with heart failure taking spironolactone to prevent adverse cardiac events.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Report any vision changes immediately. This is crucial because hydroxychloroquine can cause retinal toxicity, which may lead to irreversible vision loss. Monitoring for vision changes allows for early detection and intervention. Choice B is incorrect as hydroxychloroquine is typically taken with food or milk to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Choice C is irrelevant as there is no specific dietary restriction for hydroxychloroquine. Choice D is also incorrect as there is no evidence to support increasing green leafy vegetable intake in relation to hydroxychloroquine therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Before meals. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that works by reducing stomach acid production. Taking it before meals allows the medication to be most effective in inhibiting the proton pumps before they are stimulated by food intake. This timing optimizes the drug's ability to reduce acid secretion during the digestion process. Choice A (With meals) is incorrect because taking omeprazole with meals may reduce its effectiveness as it will not have enough time to inhibit acid production before food intake. Choice B (At bedtime) is also incorrect as omeprazole works best when taken before meals to prevent acid production. Choice D (After meals) is incorrect because waiting until after meals to take omeprazole means that acid production has already been stimulated by the food consumed, reducing the drug's effectiveness in inhibiting acid secretion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Atorvastatin is a statin medication commonly known to potentially cause liver damage. 2. Monitoring liver function tests periodically helps assess for any liver abnormalities. 3. Elevated liver enzymes may indicate liver injury from atorvastatin. 4. Monitoring liver function tests allows for early detection and management of adverse effects. Summary: A: Monitoring liver function tests is crucial due to atorvastatin's potential hepatotoxicity. B: Complete blood count is not typically affected by atorvastatin. C: Blood glucose levels are not directly related to atorvastatin use. D: Serum potassium is not specifically monitored for atorvastatin-related adverse effects.