ATI LPN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with restrictive lung disease will have a relatively normal?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Restrictive disease (e.g., fibrosis) keeps FEV1/FVC normal or high. Both FEV1 and FVC drop proportionally (e.g., 2.5 L and 3 L vs. 4 L and 5 L), ratio ≥ 80% (Q1). FEV1 (A) and FVC (B) decrease due to stiff lungs (compliance < 0.2 L/cm H2O). V/Q (C) may skew (fibrosis raises it). D's stability unlike A's absolute fall reflects restriction's even reduction, per spirometry (Q54).
Question 2 of 5
The following is (are) true of alveolar proteinosis:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alveolar proteinosis features diffuse lung changes with mottling and reticulation (B) on imaging surfactant-filled alveoli create a tree-in-bud' or crazy paving' pattern, reflecting its pathology. Pulmonary lavage (A) uses saline, not heparin (an anticoagulant), to clear proteinaceous material, making A false. Vital capacity (C) drops, not normal, due to alveolar filling reducing lung volumes restrictive pattern on spirometry. Thus, D (A & C) and E (all) fail; B alone holds. This rare condition, often tied to dust exposure or autoimmunity, impairs gas exchange, and lavage is therapeutic, not heparin-based, a distinction critical in pulmonology and treatment planning.
Question 3 of 5
The average vital capacity is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Average vital capacity (VC) total air exhaled after maximal inhalation is 4-5 liters (D) in healthy adults (e.g., ~4.8 L men, 3.2 L women), varying by age, sex, height. Options 600 cc (A) and 300 cc (B) are tidal volumes or fractions far too low. 10-20 liters (C) exceeds human lung capacity (total ~6 L). 2.5-3 liters underestimates normal VC, closer to inspiratory reserve. VC, measured via spirometry, reflects lung function; 4-5 L aligns with physiologic norms, key in assessing restrictive (low VC) versus obstructive diseases in pulmonary diagnostics.
Question 4 of 5
Indication for non-operability in lung cancer are:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Markedly decreased diffusion capacity for CO (DLCO) (B) indicates non-operability in lung cancer poor gas exchange (e.g., DLCO <40% predicted) predicts post-resection respiratory failure. Decreased compliance (A), V/Q mismatch (C), hypoventilation (D), or pulmonary hypertension impair function but aren't primary surgical contraindications DLCO directly assesses alveolar-capillary integrity. Low DLCO, from tumor or emphysema, limits resection tolerance, key in preoperative pulmonary function testing for surgical planning in chest oncology.
Question 5 of 5
Thalassemia minor typically demonstrates an increase in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thalassemia minor mild β-thalassemia raises hemoglobin A₂ (B) (e.g., 3.5-7%) from compensatory δ-chain production, detected via electrophoresis. Hemoglobin A (A) dominates but is reduced. HbS (C) is sickle cell, unrelated. HbF (D) rises in severe forms, not minor. All' overstates. A₂ elevation reflects β-chain defect, key in nursing for genetic counseling and distinguishing from iron deficiency.