ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Nursing Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with renal artery stenosis developed hypertension. Which of the following drugs can be used in this case?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Losartan is safer than captopril in renal artery stenosis, avoiding acute renal failure risk.
Question 2 of 5
A 48-year-old man with diabetes presents with a history of progressive pain in both legs for several years. The pain is severe after walking two blocks or climbing one flight of stairs. Blood pressure is 145/90 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show a serum cholesterol of 320 mg/dl. He neither smokes nor drinks. Bruits are evident upon auscultation of both femoral arteries. The pathogenesis of intermittent claudication in this patient is most closely associated with which of the following risk factors?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperlipidemia (elevated cholesterol) is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, causing peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication, as evidenced by femoral bruits and exertional leg pain.
Question 3 of 5
While recovering in bed 1 week after hysterectomy, a 42-year-old female develops acute shortness of breath with hemoptysis. Physical examination finds the patient to be afebrile with moderate respiratory distress, calf tenderness, and a widely split S2. What is the correct diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary embolism post-surgery presents with acute dyspnea, hemoptysis, calf tenderness (DVT source), and a split S2 from right heart strain.
Question 4 of 5
The assistive personnel(AP) is taking orthostatic vital signs. In the supine position, the BP is 130/80 mm Hg, and HR is 80 beats/min. In the sitting position, the BP is 140/80, and HR is 90 beats/min. What should the nurse instruct the AP to do next?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When assessing for orthostatic changes, the AP will take the BP and pulse in the supine position, then place the patient in a sitting position for 1 to 2 minutes and repeat the readings, and then reposition to the standing position for 1 to 2 minutes and repeat the readings.
Question 5 of 5
What should a client receiving spironolactone for heart failure avoid?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and excess potassium intake can lead to hyperkalemia.