ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure is most often associated with left-ventricular infarction and systemic hypertension. The ineffective pumping of the left ventricle results in an accumulation of blood within the pulmonary circulation. As a result, pulmonary congestion with dyspnea is an expected finding. Jugular vein distention is more often associated with right-sided failure. Peripheral edema is associated with right-sided failure. Hepatomegaly is not seen in pure left-sided edema.
Question 2 of 5
Which action will be included in the plan of care for a patient who is receiving nicardipine(Cardene) to treat a hypertensive emergency?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent monitoring of BP is needed when the patient is receiving rapid-acting IV antihypertensive medications. This can be most easily accomplished with an automated BP machine or arterial line. The patient will require frequent assessments, so allowing 8 hours of undisturbed sleep is not reasonable. When patients are receiving IV vasodilators, bed rest is maintained to prevent decreased cerebral perfusion and fainting. There is no indication that this patient is nauseated or at risk for aspiration, so an NPO status is unnecessary.
Question 3 of 5
The first heart sound is associated with
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first heart sound ('lub') occurs when the tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves close at the start of ventricular systole.
Question 4 of 5
Which assessment finding for a patient who is receiving IV furosemide(Lasix) to treat stage 2 hypertension is most important to report to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia is a frequent adverse effect of the loop diuretics and can cause life-threatening dysrhythmias. The health care provider should be notified of the potassium level immediately and administration of potassium supplements initiated. The elevated blood glucose and BP also indicate a need for collaborative interventions but will not require action as urgently as the hypokalemia. An orthostatic drop of 12 mm Hg is common and will require intervention only if the patient is symptomatic.
Question 5 of 5
The hospital nurse cares for many patients who have hypertension. What nursing diagnosis is most common among patients who are being treated for this health problem?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deviation from the therapeutic program is a significant problem for people with hypertension and other chronic conditions requiring lifetime management. For many patients, this is related to adverse effects of medications. Medication cost is relevant for many patients, but adverse effects are thought to be a more significant barrier. Many patients are aware of necessary lifestyle modification, but do not adhere to them. Most patients are aware of the need to monitor their BP.