ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with PUD is started on a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The nurse should monitor for which potential side effect of long-term PPI use?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Osteoporosis. Long-term PPI use can lead to decreased calcium absorption, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. PPIs suppress stomach acid, which is essential for calcium absorption. Monitoring for bone density changes is crucial. A: Hypertension is not a common side effect of PPI use. PPIs do not directly affect blood pressure regulation. C: Hyperkalemia is not typically associated with PPI use. PPIs do not directly impact potassium levels. D: Anemia is not a common side effect of PPI use. PPIs do not directly cause decreased red blood cell production. In summary, monitoring for osteoporosis is important in patients on long-term PPI therapy due to potential calcium absorption issues.
Question 2 of 5
Which statement best describes the underlying cause of peptic ulcer disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because peptic ulcer disease is primarily caused by the erosion of the gastrointestinal lining due to an imbalance between gastric acid and pepsin. Gastric acid and pepsin can damage the protective lining of the stomach and duodenum, leading to ulcer formation. This process is known as the acid-pepsin hypothesis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the underlying cause of peptic ulcer disease. Inflammation of the esophagus due to acid reflux (choice B) is a characteristic of gastroesophageal reflux disease, not peptic ulcer disease. Overproduction of insulin leading to low blood glucose levels (choice C) is a characteristic of hypoglycemia, not peptic ulcer disease. Blockage of the pancreatic ducts leading to digestion of pancreatic tissue (choice D) is a characteristic of pancreatitis, not peptic ulcer disease.
Question 3 of 5
The following hormones are important to the normal function of the gut: ( Select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrogen potassium ATPase. This enzyme is not a hormone involved in the normal function of the gut. Gastrin, Secretin, and Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) are all hormones that play important roles in regulating digestion and gut functions. Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion, Secretin regulates pancreatic and bile secretions, and CCK-PZ stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction. Therefore, C is the correct answer because Hydrogen potassium ATPase is not a hormone relevant to gut function.
Question 4 of 5
The diagram below represents a process that occurs in organisms. A Broken down to B. Which row in the chart indicates what A and B in the boxes could represent?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: A broken down to B represents the breakdown of proteins into amino acids. Step 2: Proteins are made up of amino acids. Step 3: Therefore, A represents proteins and B represents amino acids. Summary: Choice A is incorrect as starch does not break down into proteins. Choice B is incorrect as starch breaks down into simple sugars, not amino acids. Choice D is incorrect as proteins do not break down into simple sugars.
Question 5 of 5
Where does food pass through between the mouth and the stomach?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The gullet. Food passes through the gullet, also known as the esophagus, between the mouth and the stomach. The gullet is a muscular tube that contracts to push the food down to the stomach for digestion. The other choices are incorrect because the rectum is where waste is stored before elimination, the small intestine is where most of the absorption of nutrients occurs, and the large intestine is where water is absorbed and waste is further processed before excretion.