ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with PUD is being discharged with a prescription for misoprostol. What important teaching should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Misoprostol can cause uterine contractions and is contraindicated in pregnancy, requiring this key instruction.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with a known history of PUD presents with sudden, severe epigastric pain and vomiting. The nurse suspects a perforation. What diagnostic test should be performed immediately?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A CT scan quickly confirms perforation by detecting free air or fluid.
Question 3 of 5
Which statement best describes the underlying cause of peptic ulcer disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Peptic ulcer disease results from an imbalance between aggressive factors (gastric acid, pepsin) and protective factors (mucus, bicarbonate), leading to mucosal erosion. Esophageal inflammation describes GERD, not PUD. Insulin overproduction is unrelated to PUD. Pancreatic duct blockage pertains to pancreatitis, not ulcers.
Question 4 of 5
The following hormones are important to the normal function of the gut: ( Select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion and secretin stimulates bicarbonate-rich pancreatic secretion. CCK-PZ both stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. Hydrogen potassium ATPase is an enzyme which determines the activity of the gastric proton pump. Though VIP excess is known to cause Verner-Morrison syndrome (watery diarrhoea, hypokalaemia, and achlorhydria) its role in health is doubtful.
Question 5 of 5
The diagram below represents a process that occurs in organisms. A Broken down to B. Which row in the chart indicates what A and B in the boxes could represent?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion, as enzymes like pepsin and trypsin hydrolyze peptide bonds. Starch breaks into sugars (not amino acids), and proteins don't yield sugars.