ATI LPN
ATI The Medical Surgical Endocrine Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with hypothyroidism asks why the neck has become so large. What should the nurse respond to this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothyroidism is a major cause of goiter and develops secondary to thyroid gland hypertrophy in an attempt to produce normal amounts of T3 and T4.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse correlates which laboratory values to the patient diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 1: Primary hypothyroidism is diagnosed with decreased T3 and T4 levels. 2: Primary hypothyroidism is diagnosed with decreased T3 and T4 levels.
Question 3 of 5
End-stage Kidney failure is characterised by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: End-stage renal failure is defined by eGFR <15, often requiring dialysis, indicating severe filtration loss.
Question 4 of 5
A 38-year-old woman has been feeling lethargic for 4 months. On physical examination, she is afebrile, and her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg. Laboratory findings show the serum creatinine level is 5.8 mg/dL. C3 nephritic factor is present in serum, resulting in hypocomplementemia, and the ANA test result is negative. Urinalysis shows 2+ blood and 1+ protein. A renal biopsy is done; microscopic examination shows hypercellular glomeruli and prominent ribbonlike deposits along the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane. Which of the following forms of glomerulonephritis is most likely to be present in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dense deposit disease (formerly membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II) usually leads to hematuria, and half of cases end in chronic renal failure. The term chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) often is used when sclerosis of many glomeruli is present with no clear cause. Membranous nephropathy is often accompanied by proteinuria but less likely hematuria, and is characterized by thickening of only the basement membrane and small electron-dense deposits. Postinfectious GN is often characterized by a hypercellular glomerulus with infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but no basement membrane thickening. A rapidly progressive GN is marked by crescents forming in the Bowman space.
Question 5 of 5
A 32-year-old man developed a fever and rash over 3 days. Five days later, he has increasing malaise. On physical examination, the maculopapular erythematous rash on his trunk has nearly faded away. His temperature is 37.1°C, and blood pressure is 135/85 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show a serum creatinine level of 2.8 mg/dL and blood urea nitrogen level of 29 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows 2+ proteinuria; 1+ hematuria; and no glucose, ketones, or nitrite. The leukocyte esterase result is positive. What is the most likely cause of these findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The truncated question implies a continuation related to hypercalcemia, as seen in subsequent options. The clinical picture of fever, rash, and renal impairment followed by hypercalcemia (assumed from context) suggests a parathyroid adenoma (D), causing primary hyperparathyroidism. This leads to elevated serum calcium, renal dysfunction, and systemic symptoms. Chronic renal failure (A) typically shows hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Hypervitaminosis D (B) increases calcium but suppresses PTH, unlike adenoma. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (C) affects calcitonin, not typically causing hypercalcemia. Parathyroid hyperplasia (E) is less common and involves all glands, not a single adenoma.