ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Endocrine Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with hyperthyroidism is placed on seizure precautions as a result of which observation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is at an increased risk for seizure activity related to hyponatremia (low sodium levels), which can occur in hyperthyroidism due to fluid imbalances.
Question 2 of 5
Alterations in the blood pressure is initially detected ..
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Baroreceptors in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch detect BP changes, sending signals to the vasomotor center.
Question 3 of 5
A 12-year-old girl has experienced increasing malaise for the past 2 weeks. On physical examination, she has periorbital edema. The child is afebrile. Laboratory findings show proteinuria on dipstick urinalysis, but no hematuria or glucosuria. Microscopic examination of the urine shows numerous oval fat bodies. The serum creatinine level is 2.3 mg/dL. She receives a course of corticosteroid therapy, but does not improve. A renal biopsy is performed and microscopic examination shows that approximately 50% of the glomeruli in the specimen are affected by the lesion shown in the figure. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) shows sclerosis of only a segment of the glomerulus (segmental lesion), and because only 50% of the glomeruli are affected, this is focal disease. FSGS manifests clinically with nephrotic syndrome that does not respond to corticosteroid therapy. FSGS can result from many forms of glomerular injury; some may be linked to NPHS gene mutations. In contrast, corticosteroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome in children is typically caused by minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis) that is not associated with any glomerular change seen under the light microscope. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) and dense deposit disease are more likely to produce a nephritic syndrome in adults. A diabetic patient with nephrotic syndrome is likely to have nodular glomerulosclerosis or diffuse thickening of the basement membrane. An acute proliferative postinfectious GN has hypercellular glomeruli with neutrophils. A rapidly progressive GN is associated with hematuria, and glomerular crescents are present.
Question 4 of 5
A 53-year-old woman has had fever and flank pain for the past 2 days. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.2°C, pulse is 81/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. Urinalysis shows no protein, glucose, or ketones. The leukocyte esterase test is positive. Microscopic examination of the urine shows numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and occasional WBC casts. Which of the following organisms is most likely to be found in the urine culture?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clinical features in this patient are typical of urinary tract infection, and Escherichia coli is the most common cause. The WBCs are characteristic of an acute inflammatory process. The presence of WBC casts indicates that the infection must have occurred in the kidney because casts are formed in renal tubules. Most infections of the urinary tract begin in the lower urinary tract and ascend to the kidneys. Hematogenous spread is less common. Cryptococcus and Mycoplasma are rare urinary tract pathogens.
Question 5 of 5
A 50-year-old man with fasting blood glucose >140 mg/dL on two occasions is put on a restricted caloric diet and started on a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Which of the following laboratory studies is most likely to afford the best method of monitoring disease control in this man?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nonenzymatic glycosylation refers to the chemical process whereby glucose attaches to proteins without the aid of enzymes. The degree of glycosylation is proportionate to the level of blood glucose. Many proteins, including hemoglobin, undergo nonenzymatic glycosylation. Because RBCs have a life span of about 120 days, the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin is a function of the blood glucose level over the previous 120-day period.