ATI LPN
Questions About the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with heart failure who reports intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dyspnea that occurs at night is known as paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Orthopnea is known as dyspnea when lying down. Intermittent shortness of breath at night is not known as paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Sleep apnea is an absence of breathing during sleep.
Question 2 of 5
An older patient has been diagnosed with possible white coat hypertension. Which planned action by the nurse addresses that suspected cause of the hypertension?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the phenomenon of 'white coat' hypertension, patients have elevated BP readings in a clinical setting and normal readings when BP is measured elsewhere. Having the patient self-monitor BPs at home will provide a reliable indication about whether the patient has hypertension. Regular BP checks in the clinic are likely to be high in a patient with white coat hypertension. There is no evidence that this patient has elevated stress levels or a poor diet, and those factors do not cause white coat hypertension.
Question 3 of 5
The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Frank-Starling law describes how increased preload (end-diastolic volume) enhances the force of ventricular contraction.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a 70-year-old who uses hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL) and enalapril(Norvasc), but whose self-monitored blood pressure(BP) continues to be elevated. Which patient information may indicate a need for a change?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) can prevent adequate BP control, the patient may need to avoid the use of ibuprofen. A multivitamin tablet will help supply vitamin D, which may help lower BP. BP decreases while sleeping, so self-monitoring early in the morning will result in obtaining pressures that are at their lowest. The patient's alcohol intake is not excessive.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is collaborating with the dietitian and a patient with hypertension to plan dietary modifications. These modifications should include which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lifestyle modifications usually include restricting sodium and fat intake, increasing intake of fruits and vegetables, and implementing regular physical activity. There is no need to increase calcium, potassium, and vitamin intake. Calorie restriction may be required for some patients, but a specific reduction in protein and carbohydrates is not normally indicated.