ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with elevated BUN and creatinine values has been referred by her primary physician for further evaluation. The nurse should anticipate the use of what initial diagnostic test?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ultrasound (A) is the initial, noninvasive test for renal evaluation, detecting structural issues. X-ray (B), CT (C), and nuclear scans (D) may follow, but A is the sensitive starting point.
Question 2 of 5
A client with schizophrenia tells the nurse, 'Aliens are controlling my thoughts.' The nurse documents this as an example of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The belief that external forces control thoughts reflects a delusion of control.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is planning patient teaching for a patient with ESKD who is scheduled for the creation of a fistula. The nurse would include which of the following in teaching the patient about the fistula?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The fistula joins an artery and a vein, either side-to-side or end-to-end. This access will need time, usually 2 to 3 months, to mature before it can be used. The patient is encouraged to perform exercises to increase the size of the affected vessels (e.g., squeezing a rubber ball for forearm fistulas). Two needles will be inserted into the fistula for each dialysis treatment.
Question 4 of 5
A patient reports flank pain and scanty urination. The nurse notices periorbital edema. What question is most important?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Strep infections can lead to glomerulonephritis.
Question 5 of 5
Match the description 'Active transport of sodium; water follows passively' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the proximal convoluted tubule (A), sodium is actively transported out, and water follows passively via osmosis due to osmotic gradients. The descending limb (B) is water-permeable, ascending limb (D) actively transports sodium without water, and collecting duct (C) adjusts water with ADH, making A the match.