ATI LPN
ATI Adult Medical Surgical Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed ipratropium. What is the primary action of this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Relieve bronchospasm. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, leading to bronchodilation and improved airflow. This helps to relieve bronchospasm, a common symptom in COPD. Choice A is incorrect because ipratropium does not have significant anti-inflammatory effects. Choice C is incorrect as ipratropium does not directly suppress cough. Choice D is incorrect as ipratropium does not specifically target respiratory secretions.
Question 2 of 5
What is the primary action of amlodipine when prescribed to a patient with hypertension?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary action of amlodipine is to reduce blood pressure by relaxing and dilating blood vessels, leading to improved blood flow and lower blood pressure. This is achieved by blocking calcium channels in the blood vessels. Increasing heart rate (A), lowering cholesterol levels (C), and decreasing blood sugar levels (D) are not the primary actions of amlodipine and are not directly related to its mechanism of action in treating hypertension.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with severe pain is prescribed morphine sulfate. What is the most important side effect for the nurse to monitor?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Respiratory depression. Morphine sulfate is an opioid analgesic that can suppress the respiratory drive, leading to respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Monitoring respiratory status is crucial to prevent complications. Incorrect choices: A: Diarrhea - While constipation is a common side effect of opioid use, diarrhea is not a significant concern compared to respiratory depression. B: Hypertension - Morphine can cause hypotension rather than hypertension, so monitoring blood pressure for hypertension is not the priority. D: Increased urine output - Morphine can actually cause urinary retention, so increased urine output is not a key side effect to monitor.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with hyperthyroidism is prescribed propylthiouracil (PTU). What is the primary purpose of this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Suppress thyroid hormone production. PTU is an antithyroid medication used to inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones, effectively suppressing their production. This helps to manage hyperthyroidism by reducing excessive levels of thyroid hormones in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as PTU does not aim to increase hormone production, enhance iodine absorption, or stimulate the thyroid gland. Understanding the mechanism of action of PTU is crucial in recognizing its primary purpose in treating hyperthyroidism.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with bipolar disorder is prescribed valproic acid. What is an important side effect for the nurse to monitor?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B (Liver toxicity) Rationale: 1. Valproic acid is known to cause liver toxicity. 2. The nurse should monitor liver function tests regularly. 3. Signs of liver toxicity include jaundice, abdominal pain, and nausea. 4. Prompt detection is crucial to prevent serious complications. Summary: A: Hypertension - Not a common side effect of valproic acid. C: Hyperglycemia - More commonly associated with other medications like antipsychotics. D: Bradycardia - Not a typical side effect of valproic acid.